英文学术论文常用词句

.....学习参考英语学术论文常用词句1.常用词汇与短语差别：gapsbetween,differentiatebetween,discrepancies，nointergroupdifference存在，出现：occurred,occurrence,existed,existence,presence,present多数，少数：theoverwhelmingmajorityof,inthemajorityofcases，amarkedmajority,handful方法：approaches,avenues,methods,techniques,means,tools发生率：Incidence,frequency,prevalence发现，阐明，报道，证实：verify,confirm,elucidate,identify,define,characterize,clarify,establish,ascertain,explain,observe,illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate,show,indicate,exhibit,presented,reveal,display,manifest，suggest,propose,estimate,prove,imply,disclose，report,describe，facilitatetheidentificationof，screening，isolation改变：change,alteration,高，增加：high,enhanced,elevated,increased,forced各种，多种：inmultipletypesof,invarioustypesof,inavarietyof关系，相关，参与：closelyinvolvedin,associated,广泛的：inanextensivesurvey执行：perform,carryout降，少，缺：decrease,reduction,reduced,diminish,loss,suppression,deficient,low,weak,faint,light,absence,absent,undetectable,lack,defective,negative,poor,impaired,greatlyreducedorcompletelyabsent,frequentlylostordown-expressed角色，起作用：role,part（limited,potential,early,possiblerole）可能性：feasibility.....学习参考密切地：intimately难理解的，似谜的：enigmatic(xremainsenigmatic)潜在假定的：potential,candidate,putative,缩写：abbreviations识别，辨别：discernment提供，帮助：provide,supply,help(to),contributeto,offer,allow,dedicate,devote,assistin调节（失调，上调，下调）：dis-regulation,dys-regulation,up-regulation,up-expression,over-expression,down-expression,down-regulation,推测：presume,speculate,confer,conjecture,guess,deduce，deduction显著,优先的：prominent,pronounced,obvious,marked,predominant,strong,striking,notable,Conspicuously,remarkably，significant,preferential,prevalence,prevalent,相同，同等并列：withasimilarpatternto协同，加强：synergizewith研究：analysis,survey,study,research,investigation,experiments,trial,observations,assessment,inquiry,examinations,pursueinvestigationinto,analyze,detect,determinate,befocusedon,measure,examine,test,assess,evaluate,explore,一致：whichisinaccordwiththeresults，whichcorroboratedtheresultswhichsupportedtheresults优缺点：meritsanddrawbacks，beneficialanddetrimental异常：aberration,abnormality重要：crucial,key,important,major,beofcriticalimportance相反：Onthecontrary,Incontrary,butquiteonthecontrary，insharpcontrast,contrarytowhatwouldbeexpected，Contrarytotheexpectationthat，与一起：incombinationwith,coupledwith由于、鉴于：Inlightof，Inviewthat.....学习参考2.常用句型Beginning1.Inthispaper,wefocusontheneedfor2.Thispaperproceedsasfollow.3.Thestructureofthepaperisasfollows.4.Inthispaper,weshallfirstbrieflyintroducefuzzysetsandrelatedconcepts5.TobeginwithwewillprovideabriefbackgroundontheIntroduction1.Thiswillbefollowedbyadescriptionofthefuzzynatureoftheproblemandadetailedpresentationofhowtherequiredmembershipfunctionsaredefined.2.Detailsonxxandxxarediscussedinlatersections.3.Inthenextsection,afterastatementofthebasicproblem,varioussituationsinvolvingpossibilityknowledgeareinvestigated:first,anentirelypossibilitymodelisproposed;thenthecasesofafuzzyservicetimewithstochasticarrivalsandnonfuzzyserviceruleisstudied;lastly,fuzzyserviceruleareconsidered.Review1.Thisreviewisfollowedbyanintroduction.2.AbriefsummaryofsomeoftherelevantconceptsinxxxandxxxispresentedinSection2.3.Inthenextsection,abriefreviewofthe…isgiven.4.Inthenextsection,ashortreviewof...isgivenwithspecialregardto...5.Section2reviewsrelevantresearchrelatedtoxx.6.Section1.1brieflysurveysthemotivationforamethodologyofaction,while1.2looksatthedifficultiesposedbythecomplexity.....学习参考ofsystemsandoutlinestheneedfordevelopmentofpossibilitymethods.Body1.Section1definesthenotionofrobustness,andarguesforitsimportance.2.Section1devotedtothebasicaspectsoftheFLCdecisionmakinglogic.3.Section2givesthebackgroundoftheproblemwhichincludesxxx4.Section2discussessomeproblemswithandapproachesto,naturallanguageunderstanding.5.Section2explainshowflexibilitywhichoften...canbeexpressedintermsoffuzzytimewindow6.Section3discussestheaspectsoffuzzysettheorythatareusedinthe...7.Section3describesthesystemitselfinageneralway,includingthe…..andalsodiscusseshowtoevaluatesystemperformance.8.Section3describesanewmeasureofxx.9.Section3demonstratestheuseoffuzzypossibilitytheoryintheanalysisofxx.10.Section3isafinedescriptionoffuzzyformulationofhumandecision.11.Section3,isdevelopedtothemodelingandprocessingoffuzzydecisionrules12.ThemainideaoftheFLCisdescribedinSection3whileSection4describesthexxstrategies.13.Section3and4showexperimentalstudiesforverifyingtheproposedmodel.14.Section4discussesapreviousfuzzysetbasedapproachtocostvarianceinvestigation......学习参考15.Section4givesaspecificexampleofxxx.16.Section4istheexperimentalstudytomakeafuzzymodelofmemoryprocess.17.Section4containsadiscussionoftheimplicationoftheresultsofSection2and3.18.Section4appliesthisfuzzymeasuretotheanalysisofxxandillustrateitsuseonexperimentaldata.19.Section5presentstheprimaryresultsofthepaper:afuzzysetmodel..20.Section5containssomeconclusionsplussomeideasforfurtherwork.21.Section6illustratesthemodelwithanexample.22.VariouswaysofjustificationandthereasonsfortheirchoicearediscussedverybrieflyinSection