必修三Unit3语法名词性从句

宾语从句和表语从句五个基本句型•1、主语+系动词+表语：•e.g.Henryisabusinessman.•2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.Wearrive.•3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.•Henryreceivedamillionpoundbanknote.•4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.OlivergaveHenryaletter.•5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Henryfoundhimselfcarriedoutbythestrongwind.•注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。1.Henryisabusinessman.主语表语2.Henry,abusinessman,receivedamillionpoundbanknote.主语同位语宾语名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做------宾语从句在句中做------表语从句在句中做------同位语从句在句中-----主语宾语表语同位语•WhatmadeHenrypuzzledwasunknown.主语从句•Thetwobrothersthinkthatit’sveryfunny.宾语从句•ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,which...表语从句•Henry,whowasabusinessman,received•amillionpoundbanknote.同位语从句•Whatmakesmeadmirehermostisthatshealwaysbelievesthatshe’sthebestathleteintheworld.•宾语从句（TheObjectClause）宾语从句在复合句中起______作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句必须用_____语序。引导宾语从句的连词有that，if，whether；连接代词有who,whom,which,whose等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。宾语陈述一.that引导的宾语从句1.Oliverbelieves(that)amancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.2.I’mafraid(that)Idon’tquitefollowyou,sir.3.Idon’tthink(that)itsveryfunny.4.Myunclesaidthathewouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson.5.Weallagree(that)itwouldbeconvienttogotherebybus.1.归纳总结：that在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。2.归纳总结：否定转移:第一人称I,we与动词think,consider,suppose猜想,believe,expect,guess,imagine等连用,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthatyouarewrong.1.她坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。Sheinsistedthatshe(should)organizethetripproperly.2.他命令关闭所有的大门。Hecommandedthatallthegates(should)beshut.3.我建议他应该更努力学习。Isuggestedthathe(should)studyharder.4.老师要求我们和睦相处。Theteacherrequeststhatwe(should)getalongwellwitheachother.3.总结归纳：在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。1.坚持：insist2.命令：order,command3.建议：suggest,propose,advise4.要求：desire,demand,require,request•Wethinkitnecessarythateveryoneshouldformagoodhabit.动词+it+形容词+that从句，it为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。1.Wethinkthatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguagepossible.(改用形式宾语it)Wethinkitpossiblethatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage.4.归纳总结：•it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而把真正的宾语-that从句后置,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。that一般不能省略。•Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我们听说他下个月要结婚了。我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcome.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome?1.Iwonderifyou’dmindusaskingafewquestions.二、whether/if引导的宾语从句5.归纳总结：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常与ornot连用；作介词宾语只用whether.1.HenryAdamsdoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo.(what在从句中作宾语)2.Doyouknowwhowillbesenttoworkthere?（who在从句中作主语）3.Canyoufindoutwhosewalletitis?(whose在从句中作定语)4.Haveyoudecidedwhereyoushouldhaveyourholidays?（where在从句中作地点状语）5.Shealwaysthinkofhowshecandomorefortheclass.（how在从句中作方式状语）6.CanIspeakwhoeverishere?(作主语)7.Henrydidn’tgiveusanyreasonaboutwhyshehadbeenlateforthemeeting.(作原因状语)•6.归纳总结：•连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。7.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.1.SheaskedTom_____wasthematterwithhiscar.2.Willyoutellme_____Icankeephealthy?3.Thisdependson_________themoneywehaveisenough.4.Herwishis______shecouldloseweightsoon.5.Couldyoutellme________Marrylives?whatwherewhetherthathow自我检测1.Theshockingnewsmademerealize_____terribleproblemswewouldface.A.whatB.howC.thatD.why2.Wehaven’tdiscussedyet______wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where3.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof______mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which4.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew______shewassoangry.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why5.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon______hegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.A.whatB.whoC.howD.whysummary•一.that引导的宾语从句•1.that省略情况•2.否定前移•3.that宾语从句中的虚拟语气•4.that从句中it作形式宾语•二.whether/if引导的宾语从句•三、其他连接词连接的宾语从句•考点主要有：引导词，时态，语序1.that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.在复合句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。表语从句2.whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherwhatmanwillturnupintime.3.what,which,who,whom,whose引导的表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。ThePredicativeClausee.g.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.4.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。ThePredicativeClausee.g.That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.5.其他连词asif,because,asthough引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”结构中。asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。ThePredicativeClause名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth或表示