高中英语语法：情态动词(公开课)

Jack—Ihavegoodnewsforyou!Rose—What?Jack—Theeducationaldepartmenthascarriedoutrulestoreducestudents'toomuchstudyload.Rose—Really?Ifso,Idon’thavetostayuplatetodosomuchhomeworkandmymommayallowmetoplaycomputergames.Jack—ThebestthingIthinkisthatIcanhavemoresparetimetotakeexerciseafterclass.Rose—Sure.Bytheway,whoisyourfavoritesportsstar?Jack—LiuXiang,Ishouldsay.Rose—Tellmesomethingabouthim.Jack—Well,maybeIcanshowyousomephotos.一.Weusemodalverbstotalkabout:1.Ability（能力）2.Obligation（义务）3.Certainty（可能性）4.Permission（允许）二.Wealsousemodalverbsto:5.Makerequests（提出请求）6.Makesuggestions（提出建议）7.Makeoffers（提供帮助）8.Giveadvice（提出意见）1.Ability(能力):LiuXiangcanrunthe110mhurdleracewithin13seconds.can/could:1.can一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。LearningEnglish_____bedifficult.canMancannotlivewithoutair._______Iuseyourbike?Cancan/could:2.在疑问句中，用could可表示请求，语气较委婉。—____Ihavethetelevisionon?—Yes,you_____./No,you_____CouldHeasksifhe____smokehere.couldcan/maycan’t/I’mafraidnotcan/could:3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）He’ssuchanicepersonthathe______committhecrime.can’t你怎么会如此地粗心！Howcanyoubesocareless!Canthisbetrue?can/could:4.cannever/can’t……too表示“无论怎样…也不过分”，“越…越好”。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.can/beableto区别:Edisonalwayswonderedwhyhenscouldhatch(孵)chickenswhilehewasnotableto.Question:Arethetwomodalverbsinterchangeable(互换)?Ifnot,why?can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。can/beableto区别:1.AbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday.Luckily,everyone__________runoutofthebuilding.wasableto2.She_____speakbothEnglishandFrench.canI’msotired!Ihavetodothetrainingforatleast10hoursaday!2.Obligation(义务):…yethemustworkhardtowinthegoldmedal.AlthoughLiuXiangissogiftedinhurdlerace…advisabilitynecessityoughtto/shouldhavetomustYourmotherbringsyouupandtakesgoodcareofyou,sowhensheisold,you___lookafterherinreturn.A.canB.mayC.havetoD.mustShiDongpengmightwinamedalattheOlympicGames.Althoughthechanceofwinningamedalissmall,I’lltrymybest!3.Certainty(可能性):veryuncertainalmostcertainmightshouldmustmaycouldoughttowill1.He_____beathome.2.He_____beathome,forhejustcalledmefromhishome15secondsago.A.mayB.mightC.mustA.mayB.mightC.must(can)1.must表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。Thismustbeyourpen.Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.Hemusthavearrivedalready.mustmust2.表示“坚持”（常用于固定句型：ifyoumustdosth.如果你非得要做某事）如果你真的要走，那就悄悄离开。Ifyoumustleave,doitquietly.—They___bedoingtheexperimentinthelab.—Why？—Becausethelightsarestillburning.A.couldB.canC.mustD.would4.Permission(允许):MayIeatKFCifIwinthegoldmedal?may/might:1.表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些。—Might/MayIuseyourcomputer?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.may/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用can或could）。祝你成功！Mayyousucceed.Hemaybeverybusynow.Mayyoubehappyallyourlife.5.Makingrequests(提出要求):Canyouhelpmewithmytraining?Idon’tknowhowtousethisequipment!willcancouldwouldinformalformal6.Makingsuggestions(提出建议):Shallwedothetraininginthemorning?It’stoohottotakeexerciseintheafternoon.shall:1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助。1.Shallwebeginourlesson?2.Whenshallhebeallowedtoleavehospital?3.ShallIcarrythisbagforyou?shall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Youshallfailifyoudon‘tworkharder.Heshallbepunishedaccordingtotherule.等我读完这本书，就会给他的。HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.警告威胁允诺7.Makingoffers(提供帮助):Don’tworry,dear,Iwillwashthemrightaway.Mom,mydirtyclotheshavebeenpiledup!Idon’thavetime……will/would:1.表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。sentencepatternWouldyouplease…Wouldyoumind…Wouldrather…Wouldyoulike…will/would:2.表示意志、愿望和决心。Iwillneverdothatagain.will/would:3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。1).Theoldman_____haveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork.would2).门就是打不开!Thedoorwon’topen.will/would:Iwillgototheparkwithyoutomorrowifyouwilloffermelunch.Question:Isthissentencecorrect?Why?情态动词表示“意愿”8.Givingadvice(提出意见):Youshouldnot/oughtnottoeatsomuchbeforerunning.Howdelicious!!!should:1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是oughtto；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought…to。ShouldIopenthewindow?我们应当要相互学习。Weshouldlearnfromeachother.should:2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。Rose—Sure.Bytheway,whoisyouridol?Jack—LiuXiang,Ishouldsay.Ishouldadviseyounottodothatagain.3.should表示意外或惊讶常译为“居然，竟然”。Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。should:4.should表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻辑判断，翻译成“照说应该，估计，想必”should:•---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need三.“情态动词+havedone”的用法（1）musthavedone对过去某事的十分肯定猜测（2）may/mighthavedone对过去某事的可能性猜测（3）can’t/couldn’thavedone对过去某事的否定猜测（4）should/oughttohavedone过去应该做而未做（5）shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone过去不应该做而实际上做了（6）needn’thavedone本没有必要做的事实际却做了（7）couldhavedone本来能够做的（有能力做）事实际却未做到Practice1.Withsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone2.Therewasplentyoftime.She____.A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurriedPractice3.–IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.--You_____her.Sheisstillabroad.A.mustn’tseeB.can’thaveseenC.mustn’thaveseenD.couldn’tsee4.AuntMary______thetrain,ot