World-War-II-(1939-1945)

WorldWarII(1939-1945)What’sEssential?CausesoftheWar(underlyinganddirect)ReasonsforAmericanNeutrality(variousacts/events)ReasonforAmericanentrance:PearlHarborWartimegoalsoftheAlliesMajorbattles:D-Day,IwoJima,OkinawaEssentialtoKnow(con’t)AmericanHomefront(women,blacks,Japaneseinternment)YaltaandPotsdamConferencesandtheirsignificanceDecisiontodropatomicbombanditslastingeffectsCausesforWorldWarIIUNDERLYING:TreatyofVersaillesNationalismWorldwideDepressionDictatorshipsThepolicyofappeasementAmericanIsolationismDIRECT:GermanyinvadingPolandonSeptember1st,1939TheAxisPowers!!!HitlerandNaziGermanyRisetopowerresultofweaknessofpreviousgovernment(1933-becameChancellor)Charismaticspeaker,preachedGermannationalism,denouncedVersaillesTreatyBlamedJews,communistsforGermany’sproblemsPromisedreturnofGermanprideBenitoMussoliniinItalyFascistleaderwhotookcontrolofItalyin1922WantedtocreateanotherRomanEmpireInvadedEthiopiain1935AlongwithHitlersupportedFranciscoFrancointheSpanishCivilWar(combatexperience)JapaneseExpansionSoughttotalcontrolofPacific(resources)1931-militaryoccupationofManchuria1936-JapansignsPactwithGermany,ItalyNankingMassacre-December1937AmericanNeutralityDomestic:U.S.inmidstofGreatDepression,publicintentonremainingneutral1935:FirstNeutralityAct(nosaleofarmstobelligerentnations)1937:Armsalesonlyon“cashandcarry”basisFDRwarnsofimpendingproblemsPresidentRooseveltIsolationismintheUnitedStatesEconomic,militaryreasonsforneutralityTriedtopreventmistakesthatledtoWWIinvolvementFDR:“Letnooneimaginethatwewillescape…thatthiswesternhemispherewillnotbeattacked”—outragedmanyisolationistsHitlerandMussoliniAppeasement1938-HitlerinvadesAustria,SudetenlandonCzechborderMunichConference(1938):ChamberlainandDaladierallowHitlertodothis(appeasement)Chamberlain:“Peaceinourtime”BritishrearmamentWarErupts!!!March1939-HitlerbreaksMunichagreement,invadesrestofCzechoslovakiaAugust1939-HitlersignsnonaggressionpactwithrivalUSSR,turnsattentionwestSeptember1,1939-“blitzkrieg”invasionofPoland;BritainandFrancedeclarewaronGermanyGerman“blitz”ofWarsawWorldWarII(1939-1941)Hitler’sWildRideinEuropeWhiletheU.S.WatchesHitlerMovesinEuropeApril1940-HitlerseizesNorway,DenmarkMay-Netherlands,Belgium,LuxembourgByJune,HitlercontrolsFrance,turnsattentiontoBritainFall1940-BattleofBritainLondonheavilybombedbutChurchillremainsdefiantBritishPrimeMinisterWinstonChurchillTheUnitedStatesandBritain1939-RooseveltrevisesNeutralityAct,allowsforarmstradePublicopiniondividedElectionof1940-FDRwins3rdterm1940:DestroyersforBasesDeal1941:Lend-LeaseAct“DestroyersforBases”:calledfor50Americandestroyerstobeexchangedfortheuseof8BritishnavalbasesalongtheNorthAtlanticcoast“Lend-lease”:madeitpossibletolendorleasesuppliestoanycountrywhoseinterestswerevital(GB)-$50billionTheU.S.EnterstheWarThe“destroyersforbases”dealallowedtheU.S.toextenditsinfluenceAugust1941-AtlanticCharter:ChurchillandFDRagreetodefenddemocracy,freetradeandeconomicadvancementTheU.S.destroyerGreerattackedinSeptember1941USdirectlyinvolvedinnavalwarfareUSSGreerAtlanticCharterJapanwantedtoextendinfluenceinFarEastJuly1940:U.S.embargoofrawmaterialstoJapan1941:Lend-LeaseaidtoChinaAnticipatingattackinthePhilippinesDecember7,1941:JapanattacksPearlHarbor,HawaiiJapaneseattackonPearlHarborUnitedStatesandJapanImagesofPearlHarborAmericaEntersWarPearlHarborattackdevastatesnationFDR:“Adatewhichwillliveininfamy”December8,1941-FDRreceiveswardeclarationfromCongressagainstJapanGermany,ItalydeclarewaronUnitedStatesFDRaddressesCongressafterPearlHarborattackJapaneseInternmentFebruary,1942:FDRissuesExecutiveOrderOver100,000Japanese-AmericansonWestCoastmovedtotheinteriorJapanesefarms/businessesboughtforfarlessvalueAlliedMilitaryStrategy(1941-1945)TheParticipantsAlliedPowers-England-SovietUnion(afterGermanattackonJune22,1941)-France-UnitedStatesAxisPowers-Italy-Germany-JapanMobilizingforWar1940-EconomyfocusesonmilitarymobilizationMassiveindustrialoutput(twiceasproductiveasGermany,5timesJapan)Primaryfocus:tanks,planes,battleshipsWarProductionBoardMilitarydraft,trainingWartimepropagandaTheLiberationofEuropeFDR:LiberateEuropefirstandpursuean“activedefense”inthePacificBattleofAtlantic:Hitler’s“WolfPacks”vs.AlliedNaviesClearGermanyfromNorthAfricaLate1942:OnlyTunisiawascontrolledbyAxisPowersErwinRommel,the“DesertFox”AlliedAdvancesinEurope(1943-1944)January,1943:Alliesagreetofightuntiltheywin“unconditionalsurrender”February1943:SUtakesbackStalingradandmoveswestwardSametime,AlliedvictoryinTunisiasecuresAfricaAlliedAdvancementsCont…July10,1943:TheinvasionofItaly.FightingcontinuesfromJuly1943toJune1944(70,000Alliedtroopskilled)SeparatepeacewassignedwithnewItaliangovernmentinSeptember,1943UnconditionalSurrenderinEurope(1944-1945)BritainandU.S.airraidstrategicsightsinGermany(FlyingFortresses)June6,1944:D-DayandtheAlliedinvasionofNormandyBattleatNormandylastedfromJune6-July24August25,1944:FranceliberatedGermany’sLastGaspEffortHitlerwascaughtbetweenAlliedtroopscomingfromthe