NO20,超级电容器及适用电解质研究的技术进展 - 时志强(1)

LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU超级电容器及适用电解质研究的技术进展超级电容器及适用电解质研究的技术进展时志强时志强天津工业大学材料科学与工程学院先进炭材料与能源器件实验室****Email:[e-mail]:[e-mail]:[e-mail]:[e-mail]2013ChinaForumonLIBelectrolyte&separator2013ChinaForumonLIBelectrolyte&separator2013ChinaForumonLIBelectrolyte&separator2013ChinaForumonLIBelectrolyte&separatortechnologyandmarketdevelopmenttechnologyandmarketdevelopmenttechnologyandmarketdevelopmenttechnologyandmarketdevelopment2013.82013.82013.82013.82013.82013.82013.82013.8LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU超级电容器的问题----能量密度2222结论超级电容器的技术发展33333333超级电容器简介33331111报告提纲44443.13.13.13.1超级电容器活性炭3.23.23.23.2正负极电极体系匹配3.33.33.33.3新型电解质材料LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU电子器件领域““““电((((油)+)+)+)+电””””混合纯电动车航天军工LIBLIBLIBLIBEDLCEDLCEDLCEDLC1.1.1.1.超级电容器简介1.11.11.11.1研究与开发背景LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU1.亥姆霍兹1879年提出双电层理论，最早出现平板电容器。2.1957年，双电层电容器最早由美国通用电气公司(GE)首先研制成功。3.1970年,日本的NEC和松下电器公司独立实现商品化。4.1991年，日本NEC研制出1000F/5.5V的电容器产品。5.2000年开始，功率型超级电容器已经逐步展开应用，实现了超级电容器发展史上的一次飞越。6.2005年之后高能量密度型(电池级)超级电容器(约15～30Wh/kg）已有报道，这将实现超级电容器发展史的一个革命性的跨越。1.21.21.21.2电化学电容器历史LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU超级电容器储能原理超级电容器特点1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.高的比功率密度＞高的比功率密度＞1000W/kg1000W/kg1000W/kg1000W/kg1000W/kg1000W/kg1000W/kg1000W/kg；；2.2.长的使用寿命长的使用寿命1010101010101010年年，免维护；，免维护；3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.高比能高比能:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1～～10Wh/kg(10Wh/kg(10Wh/kg(10Wh/kg(10Wh/kg(10Wh/kg(10Wh/kg(10Wh/kg(功率密度型功率密度型))))))))1515～～30Wh/kg(30Wh/kg(能量密度型能量密度型))4.4.能量的实际利用效率高能量的实际利用效率高((((((((＞＞98%)98%)98%)98%)98%)98%)98%)98%)；；5.5.5.5.5.5.5.5.良好的放置性能。良好的放置性能。----------------++++++++++++++++Cathode(+)Cathode(+)Cathode(+)Cathode(+)Anode(-)Anode(-)Anode(-)Anode(-)SeparatorSeparatorSeparatorSeparator1.31.31.31.3超级电容器特点LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU1.小型的电子产品：手机；照相机；数码相机；税控机等2.混合电动车的主电源或辅助电源：城市公交车、电动轿车3.与太阳能电池、风力发电等联用的储能装置：草坪灯；道路路钉；提示灯；4.能量密度型的超级电容器将替代部分二次电池：5.军事和航天等领域：激光发射器、坦克、装甲车、舰艇、潜艇等工作电源。1.41.41.41.4超级电容器的应用LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU超级电容器混合电动车1.41.41.41.4超级电容器的新应用————————重型卡车LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU电车机车-削峰填谷超级电容器轻轨列车-主电源1.41.41.41.4超级电容器的新应用————————轨道交通领域LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU2.1电容器的能量密度E=1/2CVE=1/2CVE=1/2CVE=1/2CV2222限制电容工作电压的关键因素????T.Morimotoetal.,J.PowerSources60(1996)239.T.Morimotoetal.,J.PowerSources60(1996)239.T.Morimotoetal.,J.PowerSources60(1996)239.T.Morimotoetal.,J.PowerSources60(1996)239.电解液分解电压VVVV≥≥≥≥4444....5555VVVV高比表面积活性炭比表面积1000－3000m2/gsaturation单体工作电压VVVV≤≤≤≤2.2.2.2.7777VVVV2.2.2.2.超级电容器的问题----能量密度LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU1.1.1.1.超级电容器活性炭；2.2.2.2.正负极电极体系匹配；3.3.3.3.高耐压功能电解液；4.4.4.4.单体的结构设计2.22.22.22.2提高单体的能量密度途径与方法：LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU3.3.3.3.超级电容器的技术发展LaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJLaboratoryofAdvancedCarbonMaterialsandEnergyDevicesTJPUPUPUPU多孔炭材料的透射多孔炭材料的透射多孔炭材料的透射多孔炭材料的透射电镜电镜电镜电镜照片照片照片照片(b)(b)(b)(b)(c