合肥新东方名师MANDY的托福口语课件之Toefl speaking Q4

序号任务类型准备时间回答时间材料性质Task3读听说30〞60〞校园对话Task4读听说30〞60〞学术演讲Question4Generalintroduction:(formoreturntoOGp216-220)★Anintegratedtaskreading→listening→speaking★AcademicsubjectbutnopriorknowledgeofanyacademicfieldarerequiredQuestion4•Reading(75-100wordsandwilldisappearafter;40-45toread)↓•Listening(conversationonsametopicwithpicture;1-1.5'tolisten)↓•Speaking(combineinfo.intwosources;nopersonalideas30toprepare&60tospeak)1.Readingsection(thefoundationforlisteningandanswering)WhattoreadinQ4:•Aconceptofageneralprincipleandspecificexamples;OR•Aproblemandrespectsaboutit/waystosolveit.Academicsubject——sciences&arts★多为日常生活中的人文、科学常识。难度适中。1.lifescience（生命科学）:thestudyoflivingorganisms,suchasbiology,medicine,orecology.potentiality(06/06/19);howtostorefood(06/01/06)2.socialscience（社会科学）:thestudyofhumansociety.perception(06/4/8)3.physicalscience（自然科学）:thestudyofthenatureandnonlivingmatter,suchasphysics,chemistry,orgeology.secondaryecologicalsuccession(06/7/29)4.humanity（人文科学）:thestudyofhumanthoughtandculture,suchasphilosophy,literature,andart.visualelements(06/10/08);movie(06/10/22)Academicsubject——sciences&arts★题目出现的比例：最多为人文科学(60%以上)社会学和生命学中等(20%左右)自然科学极少(lessthan10%)Readingexample1•Oneofthemostpersistentdesiresofhumanbeingshasbeentoindulgeinmood-changingandpleasure-givingpractices.Forinstance,diversecultureshaveengagedinthedrinkingofalcoholicbeverageofalldescriptions.Butaswithmostpleasure,overindulgencecanbeharmfultooneselfandothers.Also,noteveryoneagreesthatdrinkingorusingothermoodmodifiersshouldbeanacceptedpleasure.Readingexample1•Oneofthemostpersistentdesiresofhumanbeingshasbeentoindulgeinmood-changingandpleasure-givingpractices.Forinstance,diversecultureshaveengagedinthedrinkingofalcoholicbeverageofalldescriptions.Butaswithmostpleasure,overindulgencecanbeharmfultooneselfandothers.Also,noteveryoneagreesthatdrinkingorusingothermoodmodifiersshouldbeanacceptedpleasure.Desires:mood-changing+pleasure-givingeg.→drinking↔over×not人人acceptReadingexample2•Energyisusedtocausechemicalchanges.Forexample,achemicalchangeoccursintheelectroplatingofmetalswhenelectricalenergyispassedthroughasaltsolutioninwhichthemetalissubmerged.Achemicalchangealsooccurswhenradiantenergyfromthesunisutilizedbyplantsintheprocessofphotosynthesis.Moreover,aswesay,achemicalchangeoccurswhenheatcausesmercuricoxidetodecompose.Chemicalchangesareoftenusedtoproduceenergyratherthannewsubstances.Theheatorthrustgeneratedduringthecombustionoffuelsismoreimportantthantheproductsformed.Readingexample2•Energyisusedtocausechemicalchanges.Forexample,achemicalchangeoccursintheelectroplatingofmetalswhenelectricalenergyispassedthroughasaltsolutioninwhichthemetalissubmerged.Achemicalchangealsooccurswhenradiantenergyfromthesunisutilizedbyplantsintheprocessofphotosynthesis.Moreover,aswesay,achemicalchangeoccurswhenheatcausesmercuricoxidetodecompose.Chemicalchangesareoftenusedtoproduceenergyratherthannewsubstances.Theheatorthrustgeneratedduringthecombustionoffuelsismoreimportantthantheproductsformed.energy→化变1.elecenergy+（saltsolu.&metal)2.sunenergy+plants3.heat+mercuricoxide化变→√energy,×productcautions根据上下文猜测生词！（context）1.抓住文中认识的尤其是认识的主要动词，据此来推断周围的生词的大意。2.例推法:根据文章中的例子来推其前面的重要词汇。3.比较连接词,推断前后信息.Although,by,including,when,sothat…读通文意比记笔记更重要！重要信息一般出现在signalwords之后！2.Listeningsection(additionalinfo.foranswering)WhattolisteninQ4:•Abrieflectureinwhichaprofessorgivesmoreexamplesordetails.cautions根据信号词推断逻辑和次重点！1.one,another,first,second,next,generally…（结构）2.essential,important,key,main,necessary,primary,significant,especially…（次重点）3.cause,consequence,effect,example,problem,reason,result,characteristic,feature,function,idea,point,quality...（重点细节）抓大意在先，探细节在后。不要在小词上纠缠。有听不懂的关键名词，记下模糊发音或用代号。3.Speakingsection(combineinfo.in2sources;nopersonalideas)WhattospeakinQ4:•描述听力材料中教授谈及的问题•解释听力材料与阅读材料的关系→Makelistenerwhohasn’treadandheardthepassagesunderstandwhatisgoingon.GeneralformatAccordingtothereading,wegettoknowthat…(summarizetheconcept/problem)→≈10〞Inthelistening,theprofessoruses/describes…(2examples/3respects)toexplainthetheoryexplainedinthereading.one…two…three…→≈50〞Casestudy1(Texplained)NarratorNowreadthepassageaboutanimaldomestication.Youhave45secondstoreadthepassage.Beginreadingnow.AnimalDomesticationForthousandsofyears,humanshavebeenabletodomesticate,ortame,manylargemammalsthatinthewildlivetogetherinherds.Oncetamed,thesemammalsareusedforagriculturalworkandtransportation.Yetsomeherdmammalsarenoteasilydomesticated.Agoodindicatorofananimal’ssuitabilityfordomesticationishowprotectivetheanimalisofitsterritory.Non-territorialanimalsaremoreeasilydomesticatedthanterritorialanimalsbecausetheycanliveclosetogetherwithanimalsfromotherherds.Asecondindicatoristhatanimalswithahierarchicalsocialstructure,inwhichherdmembersfollowaleader,areeasytodomesticate,sinceahumancanfunctionasthe“leader”.AnimalDomesticationForthousandsofyears,humanshavebeenabletodomesticate,ortame,manylargemammalsthatinthewildlivetogetherinherds.Oncetamed,thesemammalsareusedforagriculturalworkandtransportation.Yetsomeherdmammalsarenoteasilyd