87Speak English Euphemism and Its Social Influence

青岛恒星职业技术学院毕业设计（论文）题目SpeakEnglishaEuphemismandItsSocialInfluence指导教师匡瑞敏辅导教师刘英杰学生姓名李芩学生校号0806801国际学院经贸英语专业811班2010年10月29日SpeakEnglishaEuphemismandItsSocialInfluenceAbstract：Languagecommunicationisanimportantmethodtomaintainsocialrelationship,sopeopleoftenusetheindirectorpleasantexpressionsintheplaceofthoseconsideredunpleasant,rudeoroffensiveincommunication.Itisnotonlyalinguisticphenomenon,butalsoakindofsocialphenomenonandculturalphenomenon.Itreflectssomekindsofcorrespondingculturaltraditions.Thispapermainlyfocusesonthewaysofexpression,themajorfunctionandthesocialinfluenceofeuphemisminEnglish.AndthefirstpartelaboratesuponthedifferentexpressionsofeuphemisminEnglish,dividedintofourparts:figureofspeech,semanticmethod,thevarietyofpronunciationandspellingformandgrammar.Andthenitmakesstudytheapplianceofeuphemismonthreefunctions:avoidance,courtesy,disguiseinsociallife,anddiscussesthepositiveandnegativeinfluencesofeuphemism.Toknowthesecouldhelpustounderstandthemodeofthinking,socialvalues,moralconcepts,andculturaltraditionsinEnglish-speakingcountry,andcouldimproveourlanguagecommunicativeability.Keyword:Euphemism,application,socialinfluence,positive,negative青岛恒星职业技术学院毕业论文摘要：语言交际是人类以维系社会关系的重要手段，因而人们在交际中通常避免使用引起双方不快从而损害双方关系的语言，而是采取迂回曲折的方法来表达思想，交流信息，它不仅是种语言现象，而且是社会现象和文化现象。委婉语言体现了相应的社会文化传统。本文主要阐述了英语委婉语的构成方法以及它的社会影响，并着重从修辞手段，语义手段，构词手段及语法手段对委婉语言作了较全面的分析，并对委婉语在交际中的语用功能和表达方式做了一些探讨，从委婉语的“避讳”功能，“礼貌”功能和“掩饰”功能三个方面探讨了委婉语在社会生活中的运用，了解委婉语在运用中的积极作用和消极作用,有助于我们更深入的了解英语国家人们的思维方式、社会价值观、道德观以及文化风俗，对于提高自身言语交际功能是十分必要的。关键词：委婉语；运用；社会影响;积极；消极SpeakEnglishaEuphemismandItsSocialInfluenceContentsI.Introduction..................................................................................................................4II.WaystoExpressEuphemism.............................................................................42.1.FigureofSpeech........................................................................................................42.1.1.Metonymy...................................................................................................42.1.2.Metaphor.....................................................................................................52.1.3.Personification............................................................................................62.1.4.Analogy.......................................................................................................62.1.5.Ellipsis.........................................................................................................62.1.6.Periphrasis...................................................................................................62.2.SemanticMethod..........................................................................................72.2.1.Synonym....................................................................................................72.2.2.Negation.....................................................................................................72.2.3.VagueWordsandExpressions...................................................................72.2.4.LoanWords................................................................................................82.2.5.Understatement..........................................................................................92.3.ThevarietyofPronunciationandSpellingForm......................................92.4.Grammar.............................................................................................................9III.TheSocialInfluencesofEuphemism..........................................103.1.Avoidance.....................................................................................................103.1.1.TheEuphemismsforGodandDevil........................................................113.1.2.TheEuphemismsforDeath......................................................................113.1.3.TheEuphemismsforIllness,NaturalandMan-madeCalamities...........123.1.4.TheEuphemismsforLife........................................................................12青岛恒星职业技术学院毕业论文3.1.5.TheEuphemismsforBirth.......................................................................123.2.Courtesy........................................................................................................133.2.1.TheEuphemismfortheOfficeandTrade................................................133.2.2.TheEuphemismforOccupation..............................................................133.2.3.TheEuphemismsfortheAgedandWeight..............................................143.2.4.TheEuphemismsforPovertyandUnemployment..................................153.2.5.TheEuphemismsforExcretion.........................................................................163.3.Disguise........................................................................................................163.3.1.TheEuphemismsfortheRequirementsofPoliticsandWar...................163.3.2.TheEuphemismsforCrime............................................