当代中国学制改革的发展历程与经验教训

[]()(:DGA010240)[]2004-01-11[](1952-),,,20044VOL.20,NO.2202JOURNALOFNANJINGXIAOZHUANGCOLLEGEApr.,2004(,400715)[]50,:;;;,,,,,[];;;[]G420[]A[]1009-7902(2004)02-0009-08,,,(1949-1956),1949929:,,[1](P.426),,:[1](P.426),1951101,,(1922),,:,,7,,,6(),,,,,,,4-63-5,2-3,21-2,,[2](P.686),:,;,19531226,,,,,,,,,,,,,(1957-1966)19571966,,:195719601957322,60,43422,,[3](P.389)1958,,1958919:,,,[2](P.689)01,1958,:,,.,,[3](P.468),1959524,,[2](P.690),196049,,,,,,,,,1020,,[4](PP.971-973),27,19609,92341,14.77%;3495,18.67%;[5](p38-39),1961196619611,,196121:,,,,,27,,19614000,1962900,1961900,1962,[5](P.39)19651125121,196368100,,,[3](P.807),,,,,1964,,,:,,,,,,:,,,(1966-1976)19665197610,11:,1964213,:,[6](P.16)196657:,[6](P.28),196688:,,[1](P.495),1966,,,1967,,19671215,:,,[3](P.859),,1971729,7:,9,10,56,[3](P.906)1971813:,,[4](P.1482),,,19739,149(5,2,2);710(5,3,26,4);99,10;56,3[3](P.936),,2-3,1968721,:,,,,,,,[3](P.867),:,,196543919713286,1816[1](P.37),,,4-63,2-3,,,,,,,,21,(1997-),,,,,,:1,198012,,198147,:,1985,,,,,,,,,,,,,,21977,,197861978,3-4,3,,1980108::,,,;,,,1984491984:(),,3,197710121977,,31978928,19804()()[5](P.38-39)19801(),,,,1984410:,,:,,419771012197731:,,198612:,;;,,5,,,3,,,,,,,,20,,,,(),,,(),(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,??,,,,,,,,,,,(),,:;41,,,,,,,,?(),,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,;,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,;;,,51:,,,,,,;,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,7,124-5,2324,33,2930,,,,,,??,?,,,,,,![]:[1].()[M].:.1993.[2].1949-1981[Z].:.1984.9.[3].[M].:.1995.[4].[M].:.1998.[5].()[M].:.1993,6.[6][M].:.1967.(35)61[6]().[M].:.1997.5.[7].[M].:.1999.8.[8]().[M].:.1985.[9]S.E.FrostJr.HistoricalandPhilosophicalFoundationsofWesternEducation.CharlesBMerrillPublishers.Colum2bus.1966.Profoundknowledge:theApproachtotheCognitionofUniversityWeiYi(NanjingXiuaozhuangCollege,Nanjing210017,Jiangsu)Abstract:Profoundknowledgeisthefundamentalelementoftheformationofuniversity,andisthebasisonwhichuniversitycomesintobeing,develops,andevolves.Allthebasicelementsthatformauniversity,suchastheteachers,students,coursesandtheconditionsinwhichauniversityifrun,andthebasicfunctionsofauni2versity,suchasthetrainingofprofessionals,scientificresearch,andservingthesocietycanallbeexplainedfromtheangleofProfoundknowledge.Onlyinthiswaycanpeoplehaveadeepunderstandingofuniversity.Keywords:university;Profoundknowledge;highereducation(16)ExperiencesinandLessonsfromtheDevelopmentofContemporaryChinasSchoolSystemReformLiaoQifa(ResearchInstituteofEducationalScience,SouthwestChinaNormalUniversity,Chongqing400715)Abstract:ThisarticlesortsouttheexperiencesinandlessonsfromthedevelopmentofChinasschoolsys2temreform.Theauthorespeciallyanalyzedtheexistingproblems.Inthe50yearsandmoresincethefoundingofNewChina,theschoolsystemreformhasundergonethefollowingthreestages:theearlyperiodafterthefoundingofNewChinainwhichtherewereupsanddownsintheestablishmentofschoolsystem;theperiodofCulturalRevolutioninwhichthedurationofschoolingwasshortened;thenewperiodinwhichthedurationofschoolingwaslengthenedandstabilized.Ineachoftheabove-saidhistoricalperiodthereweresomeexperiencesandlessons.Butonthewhole,intheauthorsopinion,therewereseriousprobleminschoolsysteminthepast,andshortcomingstoday.Therefore,anorganic,practical,effectiveschoolsystemandrelevanttheoriesandmethodsmustbeestablished,inthehopethattheyarefitfortherealityofthestudentsinChina.Keywords:contemporaryChina;schoolsystemreform;development;experiencesandlessons53::