高中英语必修二：Unit3-Learning-about-language

Fillthewordorexpressionforeachofthefollowingmeaningsfromthetext.1_________completechangeinwaysofthinking,working,etc2________connectedcomputersystem3_________tomakethingseasierrevolutionnetworksimplifyLearningaboutLaguagePage214_________tofindtheanswerusingnumbers5_______canbemovedeasilyfromplacetoplace6_______toworkouttheanswertoaproblem7_______totravelaroundanareatofindoutaboutitcalculatemobilesolveexplore8_______completely9________anyway10_______activityofmanagingmoneytotallyanyhowfinanceCompletethepassagewiththewordsbelow.artificialtechnologyintelligentapplicationsexploreWebrealitylogicallyMybrotherwasveryinterestedincomputersandenjoyedwritingprogramsofhisown.HeusedtodownloadinformationfromtheInternetandmadegooduseofit.Helikedto________theWorldWide_______andusedtheInternettocommunicatewithcomputerprogrammersallovertheworld.WhenhewenttouniversityhestudiedIT(information___________)anddevelopedaspecialin________exploreWebtechnologyartificialintelligence.Afterdevelopingspecial____________ofthecomputer,hehopestodesignan__________robotwhichcanthink________andlooklikehumanbeing,butin________hewasalongwaytogo.logicallyapplicationsintelligentrealityThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceDiscoveringusefulstructuresPage213.Learningaboutpassivevoice—anoverview4.UnderstandingthestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceThestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/has＋been＋~edLearningaboutpassivevoice—anoverviewTenseorModelPassiveSentenceSimplePresentTheTOEFLexamisgiveneverysixmonths.SimplepastTheTOEFLexamwasgivenlastmonth.SimpleFutureTheTOEFLexamwillbegiveneveryyear.TenseorModelPassiveSentencePresentContinuousTheTOEFLexamisbeinggiveneveryyear.PresentperfectTheTOEFLexamhasbeengiveneveryyearsince1950.PastperfectTheTOEFLexamhadbeengivenbeforetheVietnamWaroccurred.FirstasaPC(personalcomputer)andthenasalaptop,Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold`!Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.Answerkeyforexercise1onpage21Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellashelpwithmedicaloperations.IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.has/havebeendone现在完成时被动语态现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。现在完成时的被动语态UnderstandingthestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceThestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/has＋been＋~ed注意:1.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:[误]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：[误]GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：Thepatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.(4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.(5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.1.现在完成时被动语态肯定句主语+has/havebeen+P.P.+...(P.P.=动词的过去分词形式)Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.她的摩托车被盗了。Alltheofficeshavebeenlinkedbycomputer.所有的售票处由计算机联网工作。2.现在完成时被动语态否定句主语+has/have+not+been+P.P.+...Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.任务尚未完成。Manyskilledworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany.这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人。3.现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句[句型1]Hashe(she,it,单数名词)+been+P.P.+...?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?买了一台新电脑吗?HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEng-lish?他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗?4.现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句疑问词+have(has)+主语+been+P.P.+...?WhathasbeenboughtbyTom?汤姆已经买了什么东西?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了?PracticeTurnthefollowingintothePassiveVoice.1.Wehaveplantedsometreesaroundthelake.Sometreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake.2.Myfatherhaslockedthedoor.Thedoorhasbeenlocked.3.Someonehasturnedoffthelight.Thelighthasbeenturnedoff.4.WewillholdtheOlympicGamesinBeijingintheyear2008.TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingintheyear2008.5.Theyhaverebuiltthebridge.Thebridgehasbeenrebuilt.试分析：1)[误]Manynewbuildingsbeenbuiltsince2000．[正]Manynewbuildingshavebeenbuiltsince2000．[析]谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。2)[误]Somethingbadhasbeenhappenedtohim．[析]被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。[正]Somethingbadhashappenedtohim.[正]Thedoorhasopenedofitself．[析]有些动词如open,break,drop等既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作发出者，我们通常用主动语态。ofitself意思是“自动地”。因此,此句不可用被动语态。3)[误]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself．4)[误]IhaveintroducedtoMrLi．[析]introduce为及物动词,I是introduce的承受者。[正]IhavebeenintroducedtoMrLi(byMrWang)．Exercises1.Bothmybrotherworkatth