美国文学-walt-whitman

WaltWhitman(1819–1892)WaltWhitman(1819–1892)•Americanpoet,essayist,journalist,andhumanist•ApartofthetransitionbetweenTranscendentalismandRealism•ThefatheroffreeverseLifeandCareerBornin1819onLongIsland,NewYorkPoor&Semiliterate(半文盲的）parents,only5-6yearsformaleducation,self-educatedWorkedasofficeboy,printingworker,schoolteacher(1836),free-lancewriterWhitman’sbirthplace•Freeverseisaformofpoetrythatrefrainsfrommeterpatterns,rhyme,oranyothermusicalpattern.•Althoughfreeverserequiresnometer,rhyme,orothertraditionalpoetictechniques,apoetcanstillutilizethemtocreatesomesenseofstructure.•Forexample,WaltWhitmanrepeatscertainphrasesandusescommastocreatebotharhythmandstructure.LifeandCareerIn1842hewaseditoroftheAurora[ɔ:'rɔ:rə]andfrom1846to1848hewaseditoroftheBrooklynEagleSupportedslaveryabolishing,dismissedfromhisjobServedasavolunteernurseduringtheCivilWarDiedin1892,unmarriedallhislifeWhitman’srestingplaceMajorWorksofWhitman•LeavesofGrass草叶集•Drum-Taps桴鼓集•SongofMyself自我之歌•ISitandLookOut坐观世间•OCaptain,MyCaptain!船长，我的船长•WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom’d最近紫丁香在庭院里开放的时候•IhearAmericaSinging我听见美国在歌唱MajorThemesinHisPoetry•Equalityofthingsandbeings•Divinityofeverything•Multiplicityofnature•Self-reliantspirit•Death,beautyofdeath•ExpansionofAmerica•Brotherhoodandsocialsolidarity(unityofnationsintheworld)•PursuitofloveandhappinessYouth,Day,OldAgeandNightYouth,large,lusty,loving–youthfullofgrace,force,fascination,•强壮、健硕、可爱的青年啊——充满优雅、活力和魅力的青年啊•Whenweareyoung,ourdaysarefilledwithgrace[beauty],force[strength]andfascination[wonder].•DoyouknowthatOldAgemaycomeafteryouwithequalgrace,force,fascination?•你知道，你老的时候，你也会有着同样的优雅、活力和魅力吗？•ButoldageALSOhasgrace,force,andfascination,and--don'tkidyourselves--youaregoingtogrowold!•Dayfull-blownandsplendid–dayoftheimmensesun,action,ambition,laughter•光明绚丽的白昼——灿烂的太阳照耀的，有着行动、雄心和欢笑的白天啊，•Ourdaysarefilledwithdelightfulthings--thesun,ouractivities,ourambitions[thethingsweplanforourfutures],andourlaughter[thejoyofliving].Youngpeople,Whitmansays,youwillnotalwaysbeyoung.Evennow,youroldageanddeathareapproaching.•Thenightfollowsclosewithmillionsofsuns,andsleepandrestoringdarkness.•无数的太阳、睡眠和让人精力充沛的黑夜追随在你身后。•But,nightforDEATHiscloseontheheelsofthebrightlylitdays.Nightalsohassuns,whicharethedistant,faroffstars...ofANOTHERWORLD.•Andwithnightcomessleepanddarkness--theETERNALsleepofdeathQuestions•Q:Whatrhetoricaldevicesareusedinthepoem?Alliteration:large,lusty,lovingInternalrhyme:grace,forceRepetitionMetaphor:youthday,oldagenightContrast:youtholdage,daynightParallelism•Q:Whatdoyouthinkofthepoet’sviewonoldage?•Weguessmaybethepoet’sviewontheOldAgeiseventhoughwebecomeoldoneday,wecouldbesmiletoourlifeandenjoyitwithpositiveandoptimisticattitudeslikeyoungpeoplewithenergy,grace,andfascination.