国家中长期科技发展规划解析与思考

37220073()JournalofZhejiangUniversity(HumanitiesandSocialSciences)Vol.37,No.2Mar.2007[]20061025[][](06AJY006);(2006C25018)[]1.(1965),,,,,;2.(1956),,,,:1,[]2(1.,310027;2.,3720,411N)[],,,15,,,[];;[]C93[]A[]1008-942X(2007)02-0025-10ReflectionsandAnalysesontheNationalMid2TermandLong2TermScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentPlanFANBo2nai1,LANZhi2yong2(1.DepartmentofGovernmentManagement,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China;2.SchoolofPublicAffairs,ArizonaStateUniversity,Phoenix3720,411N,U.S.A.)Abstract:TheNationalMid2termandLong2termScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentPlanissuedinFebruary2006bytheStateCouncilprovidednewpolicyguidelinesforChinasscienceandtechnologydevelopmentforthenext15years.Thekeyconceptsoftheplaninclude:self2ledinnovation,leap2frogprogressinkeyscientificfields,well2supportedsustainabledevelopment,andleadingthefuture.Theplanidentifiedtheprimaryareasofscienceandtechnologyfordevelopmentandsetthegoalofbuildinganinnovativecountry.Theplanisaresponsetotherapidscienceandtechnologyrevolutionintheglobalsetting.ItaccommodatestheurgentneedsofscienceandtechnologydevelopmentandsustainableeconomicgrowthinChina.Givenitsmagnitudeandpossibleimpact,itcouldbeadocumentofprofoundhistoricalsignificance.Since1949,Chinahascompiledsevenscienceandtechnologydevelopmentplans.Themostoutstandingfeaturesofthisnewplaninclude:clearemphasisonself2ledinnovationtobethecoreprincipleoffuturescienceandtechnologydevelopmentpolicy;clearemphasisonprioritizingscienceandtechnologyoutputswhichaimatsolvingmajorproblemsinnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment;andcleardesireinestablishingabusiness2ledscienceandtechnologyinnovationsystem.Developedcountriesgenerallytreatthepromotionofscienceandtechnologyinnovationasanationalstrategy.Theyinvestinbasicscienceresearches,technologytransfers,andthedevelopmentofhightechindustries,forthepurposesofinjectingnewincentivesforeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Since1990s,theUnitedStates,Japan,England,Korea,andothershaveallworkedouttheirnewscienceandtechnologydevelopmentplansandmadenewscienceandtechnologypolicies.Theirpolicieshavemanysimilaritiesincluding:continuouslyraisingR&Dinvestment,attentivetobasicresearch,highlyvaluingstrategicimportanceofhumanresourcesutilization,promotingtechnologytransfer,andestablishingscienceandtechnologycommensuratelegalenvironment.LearningfromtheexperiencesofthesecountriescangreatlyhelpfurtherimproveChinasscienceandtechnologyandspeedingupChinasprocessofbuildinganinnovativesociety.Keywords:ScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentPlan;self2ledinnovation;innovativestate,,200629,(20062020)(),,2020,:,,;,,,,,,1050,,,,12,,,,,,15,15(),,[1],62()37,,21,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,;,;,;,,,,,19782005,12.2,9.4%,,,45,201021;20209,2.5-4.3,,,,,,,15()[2],,,11,68,,,16,,,827,15,8:,722,[]:,,,,,,;10;4,15,,,:;;;;:;;;:;;;;(),,;,;,:,,,,,,,,,,,2020,GDP2.5%,60%,30%,,,;;;;,,,,,,,,,:,;,;,,;82()37;,,,,,,2090,,(),,,:(1993)(1994)(1996)21:(NSTC),[3]194,:;;,;21;,:,;21,,;,,,,;,,R&D2004,R&D3125,,6.3%,(1),,10,R&D,R&D;R&D,R&D1R&DR&D()(%)200529921.9200431256.3200414590.920046843.920044433.420033405.620041947.120041947.0:OECD2006/1,[]:()1996,(19962000),,19961999,R&D,13.3,R&D2001,(20012005),,4,,5030,,30,,,2006,(20062010)8273,62:(FBR),25(2126)[4]10(),,,20047,20042014(Science&InnovationInvestmentFramework20042014),,(knowledgebase),,:(1),;(2),;(3)10,R&DGDP1.25%1.7%;(4);(5);(6),,102.5%,5.8%,R&D20021.9%20142.5%,R&D225390,165,75%[5](),,,,,,5,,4(),,03()37()20006,(NSTC),:2025:::2015,,,;2025,,,:;;;,[6],,,,,()R&D,,R&D(GDP),2004,R&D2%,,4%,3%,2.85%,2.68%(1),R&D,1.88%,20042014,,2014,R&D2.5%1R&D132,[]::R&D,(),,,,R&D200314.5%200725%,2015,2025,,2080,R&D20%,(12%)(13%)R&D,,198125(24%)199043(2812%),199149(29.1%)1992,30%,2005,268.4,2006265.362007,10,(),2007,282,,(2)2005,5.4%,20%,10%2R&D23()372005,2002,2003,2004:OECD2006/1,()2080,,,,:(1),;(2),;(3),;(4),,,,,20042014,,,,6000,,,,1581566,2.26%,1,1%,,,,()2080,,,,57950,,:240,,,,,:;;1996,,10,,12%88%,,50%-60%,30%,,,,,332,[]:():,,,:(1976)(),,,1995,,,21:,,,;;,;,,2001,;2004,,5,,,,,[][1].,[N].,2006-01-13(2).[WenJiabao.EnforcetheOutlineofDevelopmentofScienceandTechnologyinEarnest,andCreateaNewSituationintheDevelopmentofScienceandTechnologyinOurNation[N].PeoplesDaily,2006-01-13(2).][2].(20062020)[N].,2006-02-10(1).[TheStateCouncilofPeoplesRepublicofChina.TheNationalOutlineforMid2TermandLong2TermScientificandTechnologicalDevelopmentPlanning(20062020)[N].PeoplesDaily,2006-02-10(1).][3],.[J].,2006,(5):193-194.[GaoWeidong,ZhouBochun.OutlineofDevelopmentofthePolicyofScienceandTechnologyintheUnitedStates[J].TheoryCircle,2006,(5):193-194.][4].[J].,2005,(9):10-14.[WangYongning.TheThirdBasicPlansforScienceandTechnologyinJapanwillGiveProminencetoFiveStrategies[J].TheWorldSci/TechEconomicOutlook,2005,(9):10-14.][5].20042014[J].,2004,(9):9-11.[ZhangJian.Science&InnovationInvestmentFrameworkfrom2004to2014inBritain[J].TheWorldSci/TechEconomicOutlook,2004,(9):9-11.][6].2025[J].,2