地能热泵系统的应用与发展

••••••••••••••••20042004••••200020002.62.610741074909011.1%11.1%4.3%4.3%55.4%55.4%••199519957.6%7.6%2000200031.0%31.0%2020202060%60%••200120011.251.25GDPGDP13%13%7%7%8847%47%8873%73%••199919992004200420052005--0909--0909••1978197820203.8%3.8%7.0%7.0%••20042004149.06149.0696.1696.1664.5164.51¼¼¼¼¼¼¼¼33----44mm22¼200320033737mm2292%92%----9090&&1978197810%10%2003200327.47%27.47%6%12%7%38%37%&&55%55%5714334683457237050461005714413894813221413491416780010%24.09%27.46%27.47%26.15%020000400006000080000100000120000140000160000180000197819961998200120035%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%••(2000(200020042004))[2005]322[2005]322171790.08%19.98%11.20%14.36%11.20%30.61%0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00%100.00%••••20052005--0909--0909••200420045139.65139.6••252525252233••••200320032.52.5200420043.03.0••20032003110011002004200413001300••••••20042004••••••••20052005200620061111••200420047711••20082008100010001996199677112001200110101120032003101011200520057711JGJ26JGJ26--9595JGJ134JGJ134--20012001JGJ75JGJ75--20032003••““””––20042004““””––––––••20102010GDPGDP20052005202035351515GDPGDP2525…………••201020102005200555••50506565••••••••10010011““——””2285850.050.053643640.20.2200320031100110020032003470047001570157015000150000.50.54.54.52003200314.814.82003200344kWkW33404022422423200232007.17.110.010.010109956.256.21010556.06.01010121217.817.8101088kWkW12.012.01010161665.865.8101012126.86.81010191920.820.810101515KJKJ226.726.721010121238.438.410101414mm3340040026.226.282888288mm3311••••••••••••––––••––––(BHE)99-50/M400WellscompiledandevaluatedbyL.RybachcompiledandevaluatedbyL.Rybach11,,60060032320000,,2000m,2000m,8383mm33/h,/h,3333505044UU80m80m77,,50050060060080m,80m,500mm,500mm,100m100m33/h,/h,55kW/mkW/mkWkW••••••••••••••••••424—292005—(WorldGeothermalCongress2005)Capacity,MWtUtilizationTJ/yr200520001995200520001995Geothermalheatpumps15,7235,2751,85486,67323,27514,617Spaceheating4,1583,2632,57952,86842,92638,230Greenhouseheating1,3481,2461,08519,60717,86415,742Aquaculturepondheating6166051,09710,96911,73313,493Agriculturaldrying15774672,0131,0381,124Industrialuses48947454411,06810,22010,120Bathingandswimming4,9113,9571,08575,28979,54615,742Cooling/snowmelting3381141151,8851,0631,124Others861372381,0453,0342,249Total27,82515,1458,664261,418190,699112,441((20052005))112,441112,441190,699190,699261,417261,4178,6648,66415,14515,14527,82627,8262,2492,2493,0343,0341,0451,04523823813713786861,1241,1241,0631,0631,8851,885115115114114338338//15,74215,74279,54679,54675,28975,2891,0851,0853,9573,9574,9114,91110,12010,12010,22010,22011,06811,0685445444744744894891,1241,1241,0381,0382,0132,0136767747415715713,49313,49311,73311,73310,96910,9691,0971,09760560561661615,74215,74217,86417,86419,60719,6071,0851,0851,2461,2461,3481,34838,23038,23042,92642,92652,86852,8682,5792,5793,2633,2634,1584,15814,61714,61723,27523,27586,67386,6731,8541,8545,2755,27515,72315,72319951995200020002005200519951995200020002005200510101212J/YJ/Y101066WW20042004compiledfromdatainLundetal.(2005),WGC2005,byL.RybachCountryInstalledMWtEnergyp.a.TJ/yrEquivalent12kWunitsPopu-lation106*)Area103km2CapacityperareaW/km2RankCapacitypercapitaW/capitaRankEnergyperareaGJ/yrperkm2RankEnergypercapitaGJ/yrp.c.RankUnits**)perkm2areaRankAustria300.01’450.025’0008.05843.6E-3537.317.340.180.305Canada446.02’186.037’16731.419’9584.5E-514.20.220.070.004China631.06’569.052’5831’2809’5716.6E-50.490.670.0050.005CzechRepublic200.01'130.016’66710.21792.5E-319.614.30.110.21Denmark821.14’36068’4255.38431.9E-21152.62101.410.8121.591Finland260.01'950.021’6675.203387.7E-450.055.770.3850.06Germany400.02'200.033’33382.483571.1E-34.86.160.030.09Netherlands253.5685.021’12516.15426.0E-3415.716.350.0420.504Norway450.02'314.037’5004.543241.4E-399.137.140.5130.12Sweden3'840.036'000.0320’0008.934508.5E-33430.0180.024.0310.713Switzerland532.42'854.044’3677.29411.3E-2273.0469.630.3941.082USA7'200.022'214.0600’000287.59’8097.3E-425.02.260.080.0620042004compiledfromdatainLundetal.(2005),WGC2005,byL.RybachcompiledfromdatainLundetal.(2005),WGC2005,byL.Rybach20042004compiledandevaluatedfromdatainLundetal.(2005),WGC2005,byL.RybachTHETOPFIVE5.5.AustriaAustria5.5.NetherlandsNetherlands5.5.NetherlandsNetherlands5.5.FinlandFinland5.5.AustriaAustria5.5.SSwitzerlandwitzerland5.5.SwitzerlandSwitzerland4.4.NetherlandsNetherlands4.4.DenmarkDenmark4.4.AustriaAustria4.4.SwitzerlandSwitzerland4.4.NetherlandsNetherlands4.4.DenmarkDenmark4.China4.China3.3.SwedenSweden3.3.SwitzerlandSwitzerland3.3.SwitzerlandSwitzerland3.3.NorwayNorway3.3.SwedenSweden3.China3.China3.3.DenmarkDenmark2.2.SwitzerlandSwitzerland2.2.NorwayNorway2.2.SwedenSweden2.2.DenmarkDenmark2.2.SwitzerlandSwitzerland2.USA2.USA2.2.SwedenSweden1.1.DenmarkDenmark1.1.SwedenSweden1.1.DenmarkDenmark1.1.SwedenSweden1.1.DenmarkDenmark1.1.SwedenSweden1.USA1.USAUnitsUnitsperperareaarea(12kW(12kWequivalentequivalentunitsunitsperkmperkm22))EnergyEnergyperpercapitacapita(GJ/(GJ/yryrperpercapitacapita))EnergyEnergyperperareaarea(TJ/(TJ/yryrperkmperkm22))CapacityCapac