城市可持续发展能力的能值评价新指标

23720037ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.23,No.7Jul.,20031,2,3,13(,510650;21,528402;31,510642):(30270282,30170147);(03031);:2003202225;:2003204210:(1976),,,,3Authorforcorrespondence,E2mail:[e-mail]:NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.30270282,No.30170147),GuangdongGroupProject(No.003031),andtheDirectorFoundationofSouthChinaInstitutionofBotanyReceiveddate:2003202225;Accepteddate:2003204210Biography:LUHong2Fang,Ph.D.candidate,mainresearchfield:energyecologyandeconomicecology.:,,,,(ESI),(EISD)19962000,,,,,:;;;AnewemergyindexforurbansustainabledevelopmentLUHong2Fang1,YEZheng2,ZHAOXin2Feng3,PENGShao2Lin13(11SouthChinaInstituteofBotany,AcademicScience,Guangzhou510650,China;21ZhongshanGardensAdministrativeOffice,Zhongshan528402,China;3.SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Guangzhou510642,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2003,23(7):13631368.Abstract:Theevaluationofthesustainabledevelopmentabilityofurbanecologicaleconomicsystemsquantitativelyhasbeenmoreandmorehighlighted,followingthenon2invertibleurbanizationtrendoftheworld.Newmethodsareneededtosolvingtheinterfaceproblembetweennatureandeconomicsociety.FoundedbyH.T.Odum,emergysynthesishasbeenseemedasabridgebetweennaturalandeconomicsystem.Brokenthroughtheenergyqualitywalloftraditionalenergytheory,emergytheoryrealizedtheunifiedassessmentofenergieswithdifferentqualityandtypeandmovedtheenergyanalysisintoanewphase.Buttheemergyindicessystemforthisevaluationisstillyoungandneedtobeimproved.TheestablishmentofEmergySustainableindex(ESI)anditsquantificationpartlycoveredthegapofemergyindexforsustainabledevelopmentandpromotedthestudyofsustainabledevelopment.However,thesub2indexwhichitusedtoexpressthesustainablebenefitisnotalwaysbeneficialandhelpfultooursustainabledevelopment,limitedbyourcurrentknowledgeandtechnology.Simultaneously,thesub2indexwhichitusedtoexpresstheenvironmentalimpactcanonlyreflecttheconsumptionstructureofresource,leavingtheenvironmentalimpactofexpelledpollutantbeneglected.Thispaperisastudyonemergyindicesfor©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.theevaluationofurban’ssustainabledevelopmentability.BasedonthedeficiencyanalysisofESIandtheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,anewEmergyIndexforSustainableDevelopment(EISD)isdeduced.EmployingEISD,acasestudyisconductedtoevaluatethedevelopmentofZhongshancityPearlDelta,during1996to2000.TheresultisthattheEISDofZhongshanhadappreciablydeclinedfrom011573in1996to011510in1998,andquicklyimprovedfrom011510in1998to011785in2000.TheconsumestructureofZhongshancitywaslessandlessdependedonnonrenewableresourcecomefromlocalnaturalorpurchasing,withitsEnvironmentalLoadingRatio(ELR)decreasedfrom512761in1996to316769in2000.Onthecontrary,theEmergyWasteRatio(EWR)increasedfrom011384in1996to011779in2000.Finally,thewholeenvironmentalimpactdecreasedfrom514145in1996to318548in2000.ThedecreasingofEmergyYieldRatio(EYR)ofZhongshancityshowsthatZhongshancityismoreandmoredependedonthepurchasedinput,andthepercentofrenewableresourceinpurchasedinputhadincreasedduring1997to2000.TheEmergyExchangeRatio(EER)ofZhongshancityhaddecreasedfrom1997to2000,partlybecauseofitsproductconstructionandtheinfluenceofeconomicdeclineofthewholeworld.Zhongshancityshouldpaymoreattentiontoimproveitsproductionefficiencyanddecreaseitswasteratio.Moreecologyprinciplesshouldbyappliedintothedevelopmentofurbansystem,withtheacceleratedurbanizationofourcountry.ThecasestudyshowsthatEISDcanassessmentthesustainabledevelopmentabilitymoreroundly,withtheconsiderationofenvironmentalimpactandsocial2economiceffectsimultaneously.TheEISDcanbeusedinbothtransversecomparisonstudyofdifferentsystemswhichhavethesameoutputandfore2and2aftoptimizingaccountingofacurrentorburgeoningsystem.TheEISDstillhassomeweakness,suchastheneglectofsocialbenefitsetc.,needtobepromotedbyfurtheranalysisandpractice.Keywords:index;emergy;urbansustainabledevelopment;Zhongshancity:100020933(2003)0721363206:X17111:AUrbanizationhasbecomethenon2invertibledevelopmenttrendoftheworld.Consequently,Howtorealizethesustainabledevelopmentofcityhasbeenmoreandmorehighlighted.Acentralpointandadvancingproblemofthischallengeishowtoevaluatethesustainabledevelopmentabilityofthoseecological2economicsystemsquantitatively.Researchershavebeentryingtosolvethisproblemindifferentways[13],butmostofthemstayingintheseparateaccountinglevels.Theyarenotabletoconsiderboththesystem’senvironmentalimpactandthesocial2economiceffectatthesametime.Withtheunifiedunit,emergytheorycanbridgethenaturalsystemandsocial2economicsystem[4],andcanevaluatethesustainabledevelopmentabilityofecological2economicsystemthoroughly.Ecologistsandeconomicalecologistshaveappliedthetheoryallovertheworld[512],andthetrendiscontinuous.TheputtingforwardofESI[7]filledupthevacancyofemergyindexforsustainabledevelopmentandpromotedthestudyofsustainabledevelopment.Environmentalimpactincludesnotonlyresourcecostbutalsopollutingimpact,butbothofcurrentemergyanalysisandESIhaveneglectedthepollutingimpactassessment.Tofilluptheshortageofpollutingimpactassessmentinemergyanalysismethodandt