16DEM的数据组织与管理方法

摘要I摘要近年来，我国乃至全球范围内地震，雪灾等突发自然灾害不断发生，面对这类突发事件，如何应用科学应对和及时的采取补救措施是当前的重要课题，作为能快速浏览、查询空间信息，并有空间分析功能的地理信息系统（GIS）成为重要手段，而DEM（数字高程模型）作为其基础数据和测绘标准4D成一有着重要的数据价值和应用价值。DEM作为数字地形模拟的重要成果，已经成为国家空间数据基础设施（NSDI）的基本内容之一，并被纳入数字空间化数据框架进行规模化生产。DEM作为空间数据框架的基本内容，是各种地理信息的载体，在国家空间数据基础建设和“数字地球”战略的实施中都具有非常重要的作用。目前，DEM已被广泛应用于测绘，水温，气象，地貌，地质，土壤，工程建设，通讯，气象，军事等国民经济和国防建设以及人文和自然科学领域。本文围绕DEM数据组织与管理问题，重点研究DEM数据的组织与管理方法，利用数据库相关技术实现DEM数据的有效组织与管理，根据其地理分布建立统一的空间索引，进而可以快速的调动数据库中任意范围的数据，从而满足GIS对大范围DEM数据的无缝组织与管理。关键词：DEM，数据库技术，数据组织与管理ABSTRCTIIABSTRCTInrecentyears,ourcountryandevenworldwide,suchasearthquake,thesnowstormsnaturaldisastersoccurrepeatedly,emergentfacethiskindofemergencies,howtoapplyscienceresponseandtimelyremedialmeasuresiscurrentlyanimportantsubject,ascanquicklybrowse,searchspaceinformation,andhavethespaceanalysisfunctionsofgeographicalinformationsystem(GIS)studywillbecomeimportantmeans,andDEM(digitalelevationmodel)asitsbasicdataandoneofsurveyingandmappingstandardhasimportant4Dachievements,thedatavalueandapplicationvalue.Alongwiththegeographicinformationsystem(GIS),asthepopularityofdigitalterrainsimulationDEMtheimportantachievements,hasbecomeanationalspatialdatainfrastructure(oneofthebasiccontentsofNSDI)wereincludedinthedigitalspace,andlarge-scaleproductionofdataframe.DEMasthebasiccontentofspatialdataframe,isallsortsofgeographicalinformationcarrier,innationalspatialdatainfrastructureandadigitalearthintheimplementationofthestrategyhasanimportantrole.Atpresent,thediscreteelementmethod(DEM)hasbeenwidelyusedinsurveyingandmapping,watertemperature,weather,landform,geology,andthesoil,engineeringconstruction,communications,militaryandnationaleconomicandnationaldefenseconstructionculturalandnaturalsciences.ThispaperfocusontheDEMdataorganizationandmanagementproblems,keyresearchDEMdataorganizationandmanagementmethod,usingthedatabaserelatedtechnicalrealizeeffectiveDEMdataorganizationandmanagement,accordingtoitsdistributionestablishunifiedspatialindex,whichcanquicklytransferdatabasearbitraryrangeofdata,andmeettheDEMdataoflargescopeofGISofseamlessorganizationandmanagement.Keywords：DEM，SpatialDatabaseTechnology，DataOrganizationandManagement目录III目录第1章绪论..................................................................................................................11.1课题研究意义..................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状............................................................................................1第2章DEM的数据模型............................................................................................32.1规则镶嵌型数据模型.........................................................................................32.3特征嵌入式数据模型....................................................................................4第3章DEM的数据结构............................................................................................63.1规则网格DEM数据结构GRID...................................................................63.2不规则三角形DEM数据结构TIN..............................................................73.3TIN与GRID的混合结构.............................................................................83.4GRID与TIN的对比.....................................................................................8第4章DEM数据库的组织与管理..........................................................................104.1DEM数据库内容........................................................................................104.2DEM数据库结构.........................................................................................114.2.1GRID的数据库结构............................................................................114.2.2TIN的数据库结构..............................................................................124.2.3DEM数据的标准交换格式................................................................134.3DEM的元数据............................................................................................144.3.1元数据的定义........................................................................................144.3.2元数据的建立........................................................................................154.3.3元数据的作用........................................................................................154.3.4DEM元数据范例................................................................................164.4DEM数据库的数据组织与数据库系统....................................................164.4.1DEM数据库的数据组织....................................................................164.4.2DEM数据库系统................................................................................19第5章国家基础地理信息数据库............................................................................221:5万DEM数据库的设计与建立...............................................................................225.11:5万数据库数据获取技术设计................................................................225.1.1资料分析及数据采集方法选择..........................................................225.1.21:5万DEM技术指标设计.................................................................245.1.3