57礼物交换作为宗教生活的基本形式

:,,,,P,,,,,:191324,,(Durkheim,1912;,1999),,600,,,(suigeneris),,11895,,,(Caill,1996:18Tarot,1999:203,n.9),(Annesociologique)1898,(,2003),,(1896-1897),1899,(,2003),,1897-1898,,()(,2003:187),,,,(Durkheim,1975P1913:23),:,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,(Durkheim,1975P1913;,2003:231-246)22009.3(Durkheim,1975P1913),,(Scientia),,2003,,,,P(nature),,,:,,,,(,2003:234)?,?,,,,,,?,(Simmel,1908),,??,,(,1999:47),,,:,,,,,,,3,,(,1999:47),,,,(,1999:69),,,,,(,1999:46),,,,,,,,(effervescencecollective),,(,1999:289),,P,,,,,,,,,,,(,1999:282290-294),,,,,(,2000;,2000),,,,,42009.3,,1999a,1999b,,,,(,1999:407-412),;,,,(,1999:298),,,(,1999b:29),,,,,,,,,,,,,,(,2008),,(,1999a),1925,8,:(Mauss,1925;,2002)100,,,,,,5,1913(1999b:30131136):,(),,,,,,,,;,,,,,,(faitsocial),,([],1995:2531),,:,(,1999:3116),(change2don),(obligatoire):,,(,2002:3-4),62009.3,,200862,(MarcelFournier)(CercledeGnalogieJuive),,(HenriHubert):!(,),,,,(,2002:186)(prestation)(contre2presta2tion),,,(,2002:7),,,,,,,,,(dterminationsociale),,,,(contrainte),,:[](Karsenti,1994:23),(Karsenti,1994:24),,,,,,(Caill,2006:70),,,,,,7(prestation),,(personnemorale),,2002:11,5()Prestation,(Mauss,1954),,(Mauss,1990),(totalservices),(raison),,(irrationnel),,,,(rationalitutilitaire)(raison),,,,,,,(Douglas,1990:xiii),(PierreBourdieu),(,2003:154-175),,,(sens),,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,82009.3,sens,(habitus)(champ),,1997515,(CollgedeFrance),(Bourdieu,2004),,,,,,,,(,2003:160),,,,,,,,,,(,2002:66674),,,,,,,:(,2002:154-15517777),,,,,,(Mauss,1969bP1927:220),,?(,2002:4),,,(attente),P(pouvoirspirituel)(hau),:,9(RobertHertz),,(,2002:19),,,(,2002:19-20),(BronislawMalinowski):,,,,,-(AlfredRadcliffe2Brown),,,,(,2002:44)1934,(FranÔoisSimiand),:,,,,,,,,:,:(Mauss,1969aP1934:117),101924110,,(Mauss,1985P1924),,012009.3(Karsenti,1994:49-51)(Steiner,2001:707),,,,,(,2002:8431),,;(hommetotal),,,,,(homoduplex),,,(faitsocialtotal),,,,,(mlange):,,(,2002:45),(rciprocit)(cohsion11,,rciprocit,,;,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,sociale)(Fournier,1994:526,Mauss,1969cP1931),(totalit)(Mauss,1969dP1934:315),(socialit);,(Karsenti,1994:42-45),,,,,,,(WechselwirkungPeffetsderciprocit),(interrelation),,;,(intersubjectivit),,(reconnaissance),;,,,(,1995:56)212009.3:(Mauss,1968P1909:401),,2002:70-73,reconnaissance,--(re2co2naissance),,,,,,(,2003:247-270),,,;,(Papilloud,2002),,,,,(Leistung)(Gegenleistung)(,,functionperformance,Simmel,1910;,Simmel,1999),,,,,(Simmel,1908),(socitisme)(socialisme),,,P,,,(Karsenti,1994:82-88),,,,,,,;,,,,,,(,2001a),,,,,,(dsirabilit),;,,(,2002),,,(,2001b),,(31,,2002:195:bien),1901,,:(pouvoircoercitif),,,;,;,,,,,,(attachement),(signes)(Durkheim,1999P1895:XX-XI,n.2;[],1995:171)P(bien),,,,,,,(Lvi2Strauss,1985:XVII),,,,,(),,,,,(,2002:72),,,412009.3(KategorischerImperativ),,,;(GoodWill),;,,(LarevueduMAUSS)(Caill,1996,2000,2004,2006),(leparadigmedudon),,,,,(individualismemthodologique)(holismemthodologique)([letiersparadigme]),;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,51,(MouvementAnti2UtilitaristedanslesSciencesSociales)(2005),,,,,,,,,,,,(Caill,1996:35-37),,,;,,(,2002:5210),,,,?,(Caill,2006:64-74),,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,612009.3(socialismeassociatif),(Douglas,1990),(dmocratielibrale)(dmocratiesociale),,20,800(Mauss,1997),,,,,,(socitprimaire)(socitsecondaire),,,,,,,,,,,(value2free),,,,,,,,,,,(Tarot,2008:797),,,,,(laÇcisme),?,71,,,:,,(Godelier,1996;,2007)(Scubla,1998),,,(Caill,1996,2006:67),,,,,P,,,,,,,(MaussetHubert,1899;,2007),,,,20,,,,(doutdes),,,812009.3,Hnaff,2002;Tarot,2008(,1999:454-455),,,,,,,,,,,,,(gr½ce),(Tarot,1993)(Hnaff,2000,2003)(Clavero,1996),,(charity),,,(fraternit)(charisma,),(salvationgoods),,,,,,,(Pace,2006),,,,,(giftofGod),,,91,,(Mauss,1968P1909),,P(Ji,2008),,,(Tarot,2000,2008),;,,,,;,,,,,,;,,;,,,,,,,,,:(vertical),,(Sapiens),(horizontal),,(longitudinal),022009.3,,,,,,,,(Tarot,2000:148),?,(Willaime,2003),,,,,,,,,,:,,;,:,,,,;,,(Willaime,2003),,,,,(),,,,,(praxis)12,(sens),,,,,,(),,,(),(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,(,1999),,,,,,222009.3:,,(,2002:190);,:,!(,2003:167):,2003,,,:,2007,,,:,2005,,,:,1999,,1,1995,,1,,:,2002,:,,:,2007,,,:,1999a,,11999b,:,:,2008,,4(),1995,,,:,1999,,,:,2000,,,:,2001a,,,:,2001b,,,:,2002,,,:,2003,,,:,2000,,,:Bourdieu,Pierre2004,MarcelMauss,aujourdhui:PrsencesdeMarcelMauss.Sociologieetsocits36(2).Caill,Alain1996,Niholismeniindividualismemthodologiques:MarcelMaussetleparadigmedudon.LarevueduMAUSS8.2000,Anthropologiedudon.Paris:DescledeBrouwer.2004,MarcelMaussetleparadigmedudon.Sociologieetsocits36(2).2006,Ledonentresciencesocialeetpsychanalyse.LhritagedeMaussjusquLacan.LarevueduMAUSS27.32Clavero,Bartolome1996,Lagr½cedudon.Anthropologiecatholiquedelconomiemoderne.Paris:AlbainMichel.Douglas,Mary1990,Forword:NoFreeGifts.InMarcelMauss,TheGift:TheFormandReasonforExchangeinArchaicSocieties.London:Routledge.Durkheim,*mile1912,Lesformeslmentairesdelaviereligieuse.LesystmetotmiqueenAustralie.Paris:FlixAlcan.1975P1913,Leproblmereligieuxetladualitdelanaturehumaine.Textes,II.Religion,morale,anomie.Paris:Minuit.1999P1895,Lesrglesdelamthodesociologique.Paris:PUF,5edition.Fournier,Marcel1994,MarcelMauss.Paris:Fayard.Godelier,Maurice1996,Lnigmedudon.Paris:Fayar