高中英语语法名词性从句.ppt

句子分类句子简单句复合句四种句子结构形容词性从句副词性从句名词性从句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句主谓主谓宾主谓宾宾补主谓双宾主系表定语从句状语从句宾语从句表语从句主语从句同位语从句并列句and/but/so名词性从句引导名词性从句的关联词在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。推广所有定义。连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever等连接副词how,why,when,where,however,wherever等单纯性连接词that,whether,if,becauseasif/asthough（不充当从句的任何成分）等在名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。其实所有的从句中都要用陈述句语序。Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.1.主语从句在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。主语从句通常由单纯性连接词that，whether和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever等以及连接副词how,when,where,why等引导。that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.Thathestoleabikewastrue.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。Whenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放句首，而把主语从句置句末。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisagoodthingthat…Itisapitythat…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句(多用should)Itisnatural/urgent/necessary/surprising/strangethat…(3)It＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)Itis＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…主语从句(填入恰当的连接词）Discussinpairs,andthenfillintheblanks.1.______hesaidisright.2.____hefailedtheexammadehisfathersad.3.______hecameornotisnoneofmybusiness.4._______wewillgohasn’tbeendecided.何时/地5._______hassavedthedrowninggirlisworthpraising.（无论谁）6.Itisimpossible_____hecancommitacrime.7.____thishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.怎么样8._____hegaveupracingisapuzzle.为什么WhatThatWhetherWhen/WhereWhoeverthatHowWhy2.宾语从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句只出现在两个地方，要么是及物动词后面，要么是介词后面。宾语从句通常由单纯性连接词that，whether，if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever等以及连接副词how,when,where,why等引导。1.)由单纯性连接词that引导的宾语从句由单纯性连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，常可省去，但有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,从第二个宾语从句开始that不可省略。Hehastoldme（that）hewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Hesaid（that）hecouldgoandthathisparentswouldn’tcome.2)用whether或if引导的宾语从句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有ornot时或介词后的宾语从句时只能用whether引导。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.一句话，所有情况都可以用whether引导，只有vt后的宾语从句且没有ornot时才可用if引导。3)当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定前移。Wedon’tbelievethathewillwinthegame.Idon’tthinkhewilldoso.3.表语从句在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。表语从句通常由单纯性连接词that，whether，asif，asthough，because和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever等以及连接副词how,when,where,why等引导，表语从句只出现在一个位置，连系动词后，其基本结构为：主语+系动词+表语从句Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.That’sjustwhatIwant.Thisiswhereourproblemlies.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thisisbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminute.注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。Thereasonwasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.4.同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常跟在news,idea,fact,truth,thought,belief，problem，question等名词后面，用来解释说明该名词所表示的具体内容。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，不能省略。Thefactthattheywillacceptmeisreal.Thefactthatcanprovehisinnocenceliesinyourtellingusthetruth.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）(that引导定语从句，作主语，不能省略）Ihavenoideathatyoupassedyourdrivingtest.Idon’tknowthatyoupassedyourdrivingtest.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句