高一英语 句子成分 5种句型分析

GrammarforUnit2SentenceElementsAJourneyofGrammarSentenceElements英语句型分析句子成份（1）主语主语(subject)是一个句子的整体，表示所说的对象是“谁”或者是“什么”。是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。主语Subject1)Wallshaveears.2)Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.3)Threeplusfourequalsseven.4)Toseeistobelieve.5)Smokingisnotallowedinpublic.6)Whetherornottheywillcomedependsontheweather.可以担当主语的有：名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句(2)谓语谓语动词(predicateverb)是说明主语的动作、行为、特征或状态的句子成分。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语Verb1）Thechancemay(never)comeagain.2）Tomwasverysickatheart.3）Maryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994.谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也可以构成谓语动词。（3）表语Predicative表语放在系动词之后，用来说明主语的特征、性质、身份或状态等。1）Myfatherisaprofessor.2）Who'sthat?It'sme.3）Everythinghereisdeartoher.4）Thematchbecameveryexciting.5）Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.6）Threetimesfiveisfifteen.7）Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.8）Hishobbyisswimming.9）Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词与分词、介词短语、数词、动词不定式、动名词、表语从句等。(3)宾语宾语（object）表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语中，介词后也会跟宾语。宾语Object1）shecoveredherfacewithherhands.2）Wehaven'tseenherforalongtime.3）Doyoumindopeningthewindow?4）Givemefourplease.5）Hewantstodreamanicedream.6）Weknowwhatothersaredoing.可作宾语的有名词、代词、动名词、数词、动词不定式、宾语从句。（5）定语（attributive）定语用来修饰或限制名词或代词的词，短语，或句子。定语(attributive)1）Theyarewomenworkers.2）Tom'sfatherdidn'twritehomeuntilyesterday.3）Equalpayforequalworkshouldbeintroduced.4）Theplayhasthreeacts.5）ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.6）Chinaisadevelopingcountry.7）Youhaven'tkeptyourpromisetowriteusoften.8）Mycathasagoodnoseformilk.9）ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.作定语的有名词、名词所有格、形容词、数词、代词、分词短语、动词不定式、介词短语、定语从句等。(6)状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、原因,比较,结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。状语(adverbial)1）Chinaisextremelyrichinresources.2）Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.3）Shesattheredoingnothing.4）Weworktomakealiving.5）Strikewhiletheironishot.作状语的有副词、介词短语、分词短语、动词不定式短语、状语从句等。宾语补足语和主语补足语英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语（objectcomplement），才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语（subjectcomplement）。1）Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.2）Hemademehappyandexcited.3）Wefoundeverythingthereingoodorder.4）Ishouldadviseyounottomissthechance.5）Icouldfeelmyheartbeatingfast.6）Shewaselecteddirectorofpublicrelations.7）Somegoodsareleftunsold.＃宾语补足语主语补足语可以担当补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语等。主语宾语表语定语状语宾语（主语）补足语名词代词形容词副词数词不定式分词动名词介词短语5种基本句型基本句型一：S+V（主＋谓）基本句型二：S+V+P（主＋谓＋表）基本句型三：S+V+O（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：S+V+IO+O（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：S+V+O+OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（不及物动词）1.Thesunwasshining.2.Themoonrose.3.Thepenwritessmoothly.4.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.5.Theyhavebeensinginganddancingfortwohours.此种句型后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（不及物动词）1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hegrowstallandstrong.4.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.基本句型二：S+V+P(主语＋系动词+表语）1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Heenjoysreading.3.Theyatewhatwasleftover.4.Iwanttohaveacupoftea.5.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.基本句型三：S+V+O（主＋谓+宾）1.Hebroughtyouadictionary.2.Ishowedhimmypictures.3.Igavemycarawash.4.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.基本句型四：S+V+IO+O（主＋谓+间接宾语+直接宾语）1.Theyelectedhimmanager.2.TheylefttheworkunfinishedTheyleftthedooropen.3.Whatmakeshimthinkso?4.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.基本句型五：S+V+O+OC（主＋谓+宾语+宾补）