幼儿自我调节能力的发展及与气质的关系

1001-4918201003-0245-250B844.1A*121.1160292.534564。903～5。。*[e-mail]1Posner＆Rothbart2000。、。、、2006。、ADHD、CD、JonesRothbart＆Posner2003。Campbell＆Graziano2005。Kopp1982。Maccoby1983、、、2001。、、。Broson200031。2。3。1。Lengua2002。2。、、、“”Muraven2005。3。。Rothbart＆Posner1998。。3。3～6。。ZelazoDCCS3435。JonesGerstadt54220103simonsays3～4。、、、。2004。、2008。。。、。。。3～5、。22.13～590。336～42151139448～54161551.65560～66181563.61。2.22.2.1Simonsays、－Stroop、。2.2.2、20053～9、、、531。5。12345。。。。0.890.770.85～0.96。2.32.3.1。2.3.23。2.3.35315。1SimonSays。。。。1010。2－Stroop。。。“”“”。。16。3。、。。“”64220103“”。16。2.4。10Z1、24。。33.13.1.1Z1/7、2/7、4/7。1。112311.0020.760.671.0030.720.6160.70*0.601.000.840.770.870.820.960.941.00*p0.05p0.01p0.001、.1。、。33～5。3.1.2Wilcoxon2。331、2。2N=901－22－31－3Z－2.088*－2.895－4.0933.23.2.13Z。3。33～5N=903n=264n=315n=33F1M－0.880.210.4921.37SD1.230.740.402M－0.790.120.5016.81SD1.230.870.343M－0.720.050.5114.50SD1.290.880.25M－0.760.100.5120.47SD1.160.720.2333～5。LSD4。43～5N=903～4MD4～5MD3～5MD1－1.09*－0.28－1.37*2－0.91*－0.38－1.29*3－0.77*－0.46*－1.23*－0.86*－0.41*－1.27*434、5p0.054～5123p0.053～53～43～4。3.2.2、one－wayn=49M=－0.03、n=41M=0.03t=－0.33p=0.75M1=－0.08M2=0.01M3=－0.04、M1=0.10M2=－0.01M3=0.043～5、。、。7423.3M±0.67SD、5。53～5N=90nMSDMSDMSDMSDMSD1714.352.3714.821.8120.171.5522.821.5514.822.775516.581.8215.322.9417.643.8020.251.8415.242.401817.771.3516.441.5014.942.7517.672.0315.502.62F15.531.9711.0234.790.3235、。3.4r=0.55p0.01、r=－0.23p0.05、r=0.59p0.01、r=0.29p0.01r=－0.28p0.01。stepwiseZ1、Z2Z3。54.7%。6。6BSEBetaR2△R2TFZ10.170.030.440.350.355.6247.80Z20.500.900.440.530.185.8648.16Z3－0.070.03－0.150.550.02－2.02*34.6044.1。。3～5。。4.2。4。———。4。Luria2002。。3～5。ZelazoFrye2.5AB3AB4AB、CD23.1%3。384220103。4、5。。Kochanska2001。123。4.3。、。Rothbart＆Posner1998。Kopp1996Macdonald2000Fos-sella2002Fan2003a2003bPosner20062007。。、。335、。、。Gus-nard2003。、。。2008。。、。513～53～4。、。23～5。、。。BrosonM.B.2000.Self-regulationinearlychildhood-natureandnurture.NewYorkTheGuilfordPress96－98.CampbellL.A.J.＆GrazianoW.G.2005.Thetwofacesoftemptationdifferingmotivesforself-control.Merrill-PalmerQuarterly513287－314.FanJ.FossellaJ.A.＆SommerT.2003Mappingthegeneticvariationofexecutiveattentionontobrainactivity.ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA100127406－7411.FossellaJ.A.SommerT.＆FanJ.2002.Assessingthemo-leculargeneticsofattentionnetworks.BMCNeuroscience314.GusnardD.A.OllingerJ.M.ShulmanG.L.CloningerC.R.PriceJ.L.VanEssenD.C.etal.2003.Persistenceandbraincircuitry.ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyScienceUSA1003479－3484..JonesL.B.RothbartM.K.＆PosnerM.I.2003.Develop-mentofexecutiveattentioninpreschoolchildren.DevelopmentalSci-ence6498－504.KochanskaG.KatherineC.C.＆KathleenT.M.2001.Thedevelopmentofself-regulationinthefirstfouryearsoflife.ChildDe-velopment7241091－1111.KoppB.RistF.＆MattlerU.1996.N200intheflankertaskasaneuronbehavioraltoolforinvestigatingexecutivecontrol.Psycho-physiology33282－294..LenguaL.2002.Thecontributionofemotionalityandself-regulation942totheunderstandingofchildren’sresponsetomultiplerisk.ChildDe-velopment731144－161.LewisM.D.＆StiebenJ.2004.Emotionregulationinthebrainconceptualissuesanddevelopmentresearch.ChildDevelopment752371－376.MacdonaldA.W.CohenJ.D.＆StengerV.A.2000.Disso-ciatingtheroleofthedorsolateralprefrontalcortexandanteriorcingu-latecortexincognitivecontrol.Science2881835－1838.MuravenM.2005.Self－focusedattentionandtheself-regulationofattentionimplicationsforpersonalityandpathology.JournalofSocialandClinicalPsychology243382－400.PosnerM.I.＆RothbartM.K.2000.Developingmechanismsofself－regulation.DevelopmentandPsychopathology12427－441.PosnerM.I.SheeseB.E.＆YalinO.2006.Analyzingandshapinghumanattentionalnetworks.NeuralNetworks1991422－1429.PosnerM.I.RothbartM.K.＆SheeseB.E.2007.Thean-teriorcingulategyrusandthemechanismofself-regulation.CognitiveAffective＆BehavioralNeuroscience74391－395.RothbartM.K.AhadiS.A.HersheyK.L.etal.2001.In-vestigationsoftemperamentatthreetosevenyearsthechildren’sbe-haviorquestionnaire.ChildDevelopment7251394－1408.RothbartM.K.＆JonesL.B.1998.Temperamentself－regula-tionandeducation.SchoolPsychologyReview274479－491..2001..25168－72..2002..113356－357..2005.3～9.37167－72..2008.3～5.314784－788..2006..44131－36..2004..273687－690.Self-regulationofPreschoolChildrenanditsRelationswithTemperamentLIUWen1PENGFei-fei21.DepartmentofPsychologyLiaoningNormalUniversityDalian1160292.KLCSchoolofEducationSingapore534564AbstractThepresentstudyexamined90preschoolchildren’self-regulationanditsrelationshipwithtemperamentbyexperimentsandquestionnaire.Preschoolers’self-regulationdevelopmentwasinvestigatedbycreatingaconflict-ingsituationforthechildrentoobeydifferentruleofconversioncapacity.Thefindingswereasfollows1pre-schooler’sself-regulationsignificantlyincreasedwithagebuttherewasnostatisticalsignificanceingender2therewasacloserelationshipbetweenself-regulationandtemperamentandespeciallyanalysisofvariancesindica-tedthatthereweresignificantdifferencesinattentionandsocialinhibitionbydifferentlevelsofself-re