清华大学人力资源管理教学讲义(人力资源管理与企业战略)

Distinctivehumanresourcesarefirms'corecompetenciesSHRMisthelinkingofHRMwithstrategicgoalsandobjectivesinordertoimprovebusinessperformanceanddeveloporganizationalculturesthatfosterinnovationandflexibility.SHRMisthepatternofplannedhumanresourcedeploymentandactivitiesintendedtoenableanorganizationtoachieveitsgoals.Strategichumanresourcesmanagementislargelyaboutintegrationandadaptation.Itsconcernistoensurethat:(1)humanresources(HR)managementisfullyintegratedwiththestrategyandthestrategicneedsofthefirm;(2)HRpoliciescoherebothacrosspolicyareasandacrosshierarchies;and(3)HRpracticesareadjusted,accepted,andusedbylinemanagersandemployeesaspartoftheireverydaywork.StrategicHumanResourceManagementThe5-PModelORGANIZATIONALSTRTEGYInitiatestheprocessofidentifyingstrategicbusinessneedsandprovidesspecificqualitiestothemSTRTEGICBUSINESSNEEDSExpressedinmissionstatementsorvisionstatementsandtranslateintostrategicbusinessobjectivesEXTERNALCHARACTERISTICSSTRATEGICHUMANRESOURCESMANAGEMENTACTIVITIESINTERNALCHARACTERISTICSLinkingStrategicBusinessNeeds&StrategicHRMActivitiesPepsi-ColaInternational’sstrategyBeingNo.1byCreatingValuethroughLeadershipandExcellence.ThefastestgrowingThemostcommittedtocustomerserviceandattunedtocustomerneedsThebestoperatorsThebestsellingandmarketingcompanyThebestpeople-orientedcompanyThe5-PModelPCI’sstrategicbusinessobjectivesCommittedbottlingorganizationUncompromisingdedicationtoqualityDevelopmentoftalentedpeopleFocusongrowthQualitybusinessplansThe5-PModelHumanResourcesPoliciesExpressedassharedvalues(guidelines)HumanResourcesPhilosophyExpressedinstatementsdefiningbusinessvaluesandcultureHumanResourcesProgramsArticulatedasHumanResourcesStrategiesHumanResourcesPracticesForleadership,managerial,andoperationalrolesHumanResourcesProcessesFortheformulationandimplementationofotheractivitiesExpresshowtotreatandvaluepeopleEstablishesguidelinesforactiononpeople-relatedbusinessissuesandHRprogramsCoordinateseffortstofacilitatechangetoaddressmajorpeople-relatedbusinessissuesMotivatesneededrolebehaviorsDefineshowtheseactivitiesarecarriedoutThe5-PModelSTRATEGICHUMANRESOURCESMANAGEMENTACTIVITIES1.HUMANRESOURCESPHILOSOPHYThisisastatementofhowtheorganizationregardsitshumanresources,whatroletheresourcesplayintheoverallsuccessofthebusiness,andhowtheyaretobetreatedandmanaged.InsteadofusingthetermsHRphilosophyorHRvaluestodescribehowhumanresourcesareregarded,treated,andmanaged,someorganizationsusethetermculture.The5-PModelAstatementofthecultureatPCILEADERSHIPINPEOPLEWewilldevelopanexcellentorganizationfocusedonbuildingthebusinessby:EmpoweringpeopletodrivethebusinessfromtheclosestpointtothemarketDevelopingtherightskillstobethebestinthebusinessBuildingcareeropportunitiesBuildingteamwork:WithbottlerstoensurethatwemaintainstrongpartnershipsAmongarea,division,andheadquartersstafftoensurethatwecoordinatefunctionalstrengthstoproducethebestpossibleresultsAcrossmarketstoensurethatwesharethebestpracticesthroughouttheenterpriseHelpingpeoplesucceedbybuildinganenvironmentwith:HighintegrityStrongandconsistentvaluesContinuousimprovementThe5-PModel:PHILOSOPHYLEADERSHIPINOURBRANDSWewillachievebrandsuperiorityby:Deliveringthebestproductsinthemarketplace:ThehighestqualityThebesttastingThemostconsistentCommunicatingthesebenefitsinahigh-impact,persuasiveandconsistentmannerLEADERSHIPINMARKETINGWewillbuildonourbrandplatformsby:Creatingnewbrand,channel,andpackagesegmentsthatbuildthebusiness:FasteroffthemarkBetterideasQuickertocreateandtakeadvantageofopportunitiesThe5-PModel:AstatementofthecultureatPCILEADERSHIPINOPERATIONSWewillbuildexcellenceinourownandbottleroperationsby:Beingthelow-costproducerEstablishingandmaintainingastrongfocusoncustomerservicesandsalesmanagement.ThesecornerstoneswillmakeusthebestsalescompanyStandardizingoperatingsystemsto:EnhanceourabilitytoprovidethehighestlevelofcustomerserviceDevelopanabilitytomeasureandmanagekeyparametersofthebusinessinaconsistentfashionProvideacommonsetofpracticesanddisciplinesfortheorganizationThe5-PModel:AstatementofthecultureatPCI2.HUMANRESOURCESPOLICIESAllofthesestatementsprovideguidelinesforactiononpeople-relatedbusinessissuesandforthedevelopmentofHRprogramsandpracticesbasedonstrategicneeds.ThetermHRPolicy,asusedhere,doesnotmeanHRPolicyManual.The5-PModelHRpolicycanlinkvalueswithaparticularpeople-relatedbusinessneedValues:highstandardsofpersonalperformanceNeed:todevelopcommunicationskillsthatwouldfostersuchperformanceinadecentralizedinternationalenvironmentHRpolicy:instantfeedback.ifyouhaveaproblemoranideaaboutanyaspectofthebusiness,oraboutanindividual'sperformance,thentheorganizationdemandsthatyouraisetheissueappropriatelyanddiscussitmaturely.The5-PModel:POLICIES3.HUMANRESOURCESPROGRAMSShapedbyHRpolicies,HRprogramsrepresentcoordinatedHReffortsspecificallyintendedtoinitiate,disseminate,andsustainstrategicorganizationalchangeeffortsnecessitatedbythestrategicbusinessneeds.The5-PModelGenericquestionshelptoidentifythefundamentalissuesforprogramsWhatisthenatureof