乌托邦的历史演进及其困境

261()Vol.26No.120062JournalofBaojiUniversityofArtsandSciences(SocialSciences)Feb.2006X1,2(1.,066004;2.,650111)[](utopia),,,,,,[];;[]B1[]A[]100824193(2006)0120024205,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,[1](P45),?,,,,,,,,(utopia)ou()topos(),,(),,,,,,,,,,,X[]2005209227[](19752),,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,[2](P42),,;,,,?,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,521,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[3](P220),,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,[4],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[5](P83),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,62()2006,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,:,,,,[6](P230),,(),,,,,,,:,,:,,,,,,,,,,,[6](P394),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[7],,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,721,,,,,,,,,,;,:,,,,[8](P219),,,,,,,;,,,;,,,[9](P330),[10](P282),,(OscarWilde):,[11](P69),,,,;,,[12](P2152216),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:280,[1][].,[M]..:,2004.[2].:[M].:,1998.[3][].[M]..:,1990.[4][A]..[M].:,1979.[5].:[Z].:,,2001.[6].:9[M].:,1986.[7].[J].(),2005,(2):27231[8][].[M].,:,1990.[9].:[M].:,2003.[10].[J].,1991,(2).[11].:[J].,1998,(12).[12][].[M]..:,1989.()(33)82()2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[1].()[M].:,1999.[2][].()[M]..:,2000.[3].[M].:,1987.[4].()[Z].:,1993.[5]()[M].:,1995.[6]:1[M].:,1995.[7],.[M].:,1994.[8].[N].,2005202224(6).[9].[A]..:2[M].:,1997.[10],.[M].:,1981.[11].()[Z].:,1993.[12].()[Z].:,1993.[13].[M].:,1957.[14],.:1[M].:,1984.[15].:[N].,2002204218(C21).[16]..[M].:,1983.()FengZikai’scartoon:theConflictionBetweenUrbanCultureandRuralCultureCHENZhan-biao(ChineseDepartmentofFudanUniversity,Shanghai20433,China)Abstract:Thecharacteristicsofthesociallifeandthecultureinthattimeareoftenreflectedintheimages.FromFengZikai’scartoonsinthefirstofhalf20thcentury,FengZikaiwithrichruralculturebackgroundcriticizesordinarylifeinShanghaifromtwoaspectsincludingbeingandthing,whichreflectstheconflictionbetweenurbanandrural.Cultureinordertorelievethespiritualanxiety,FengZikaitriestobuildabenevolent,trueandpeacefulworldthroughhisthreekindsofcartoons.Keywords:FengZikai’scartoon;UrbanCulture;RuralCulture(28)TheHistoricEvolutionandDilemmaofUtopiaZHANGPeng-song1,LIYan-long2(1.InstituteofPhilosophyandSocialDevelopment,NortheasternUniversityatQinhuangdao,Qinhuangdao066004;2.DepartmentofPhilosophyofCPCYunnanProvincialCommitteeSchool,Kunming,650111)Abstract:Utopiaisanultimatesocialidealthatiscomprehensivelyconceivedordesigned,thoughimpossibletorealizeultimately,whichrepresentsacertainkindofpurposefulpursuitandexpectationofasocialidealforhumanbeings.Asthecentralexpressionofhuman’sinnerfreedomandhisessentialcharacter,theideaofUtopiaiscommoninhuman’srealnature.However,theevolutionoftheideaofUtopiafromeasttowestshowsthatthetoolreasonandegoisminthemodernsocietymakeUtopiainthemoderndilemma,coveringtheinnervalueofUtopiaandtheultimatevaluetothedevelopmentofsocietyandtheevolutionofhistory.Keywords:Utopia;ultimacy;modernity331