新概念英语第二册笔记-第78课

Lesson78Thelastone?【Text】Afterreadinganarticleentitled'CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth'Ilitacigarettetocalmmynerves.IsmokedwithconcentrationandpleasureasIwassurethatthiswouldbemylastcigarette.ForawholeweekIdidnotsmokeatallandduringthistime,mywifesufferedterribly.Ihadalltheusualsymptomsofsomeonegivingupsmoking:abadtemperandanenormousappetite.Myfriendskeptonofferingmecigarettesandcigars.TheymadenoefforttohidetheiramusementwheneverIproducedapacketofsweetsfrommypocket.AftersevendaysofthisIwenttoaparty.EverybodyaroundmewassmokingandIfeltextremelyuncomfortable.WhenmyoldfriendBrianurgedmetoacceptacigarette,itwasmorethanIcouldbear.Itookoneguiltily,lititandsmokedwithsatisfaction.Mywifewasdelightedthatthingshadreturnedtonormaloncemore.Anyway,asBrianpointedout,itistheeasiestthingintheworldtogiveupsmoking.Hehimselfhasdoneitlotsoftimes!【课文翻译】读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后，我点上了一枝香烟，来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这支烟。因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。这样过了7天以后，我去参加一次聚会。我周围的每个人都在吸烟，我感到非常不自在。当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时，我再也忍不住了。我内疚地接过一枝点上，心满意足地抽起来。一切又都恢复了正常，为此我妻子十分高兴。不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了!Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语【生词讲解】1.entitle1)v.以......为名；授权eg:Ifsomethingentitlesyoutosomething,itgivesyoutheofficialrighttohaveordoit.eg:ThenovelisentitledPrideandPrejudice.entitlev.以......为名calmv.使镇定nerven.神经concentrationn.集中，专心sufferv.受苦，受害symptomn.症状tempern.脾气appetiten.胃口，食欲producev.拿出urgev.力劝，怂恿satisfactionn.满意，满足delightedadj.欣喜的那本小说被命名为《傲慢与偏见》。eg:Thislicenseentitlesyoutoselldrug.这个执照授权你可以卖药。词组拓展：beentitledto(do)sth.对...享有权利,值得;有(做某事)的资格[权利]eg:Womenemployeesareentitledtoamaternityleaveofthreemonths.女性员工有权利休三个月的产假。记忆点拨：en（动词前缀，使……）—title（标题）（使有标题）2.calm1)v.使镇定eg:Igavethefrightenedchildsomecandiestocalmhim.我给那个吓坏了的小孩一些糖果使他安静下来。adj.平静的Afteranightofstorm,theseaisnowcalm.一夜暴风雨过后，大海现在很平静。词组拓展：keepcalm保持镇定calmdown镇定下来calmbeforethestorm暴风雨前的平静相关表达：calmnessn.平静,冷静,镇静词义辨析：calm,peaceful,quiet,still(1)calm(relaxedandquiet,notangry,nervous,orupset)主要用于气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，也可指人表示“安静的”、“镇静的”，eg:Theskyisblue,andtheseaiscalm.天空碧兰，海上风平浪静。eg:Althoughshewasfrightened,sheansweredwithacalmvoice.虽然她害怕，但还是用平静的声音回答。(2)Peaceful(apeacefultime,place,orsituationisquietandcalmwithoutanyworryorexcitement)指“和平的”表示“没有骚扰和战争的”apeacefulenvironment和平环境。(3)quiet(notmakingmuchnoise,ormakingnonoiseatall)指“没有吵闹声的”、“没有噪音的”,它强调“声音很低、很少”或“全然无声”eg:Hehadaquietlife他过着宁静的生活。(4)still(quietandcalm)指“没声音的”、“没动静的”,thestillhoursbeforedawn黎明前的寂静时刻。3.nerven.神经eg:thefeelingofbeingnervousbecauseyouareworriedoralittlefrightenedeg:Hewasabundleofnerveswhenmakingthespeech.他在演讲的时候紧张死了。eg:Idrankalargeglassofbeertocalmmynerves.我喝了一大杯啤酒来镇定我的神经。词组拓展：getonsb'snerves使人心烦不安；使人心神不定straineverynerve竭尽全力相关表达：nervousadj.神经紧张的，不安的4.concentrationn.集中，专心eg:Icanhardlyconcentrateonreadingwithallthatnoisearound.周围这么多噪音，我几乎不能专心读书。eg:Thefactoryisconcentratingondesigningnewproducts.工厂正集中经历设计信产品。eg:Yogaisanexercisewhichcanimprovesyourpowersofconcentration.瑜伽是一种能提高注意力的运动。eg:AsasimultaneoustranslatorImustlistenandtranslatewithgreatconcentration.作为一个同声传译工作者，我必须非常集中精神地听和翻译。相关表达：concentratev.集中记忆点拨：con（全部）—centr（中心）—ation（名词后缀）（全部在中心）5.suffer1)v.toexperiencephysicalormentalpain受苦，受害；eg:Ihavebeensufferingfromabadheadache.我有严重的头疼病。eg:Mygrandmatherdiedsuddenlyanddidn’tsuffer.我的奶奶突然就去世了，没受什么痛苦。2)tobeinaverybadsituationthatmakesthingsverydifficultforyou受损失eg:Manyprivatebusinessessufferedagreatlossduringtherecession.很多私有企业在经济衰退时期受了很大损失。Theenemyforcessufferedheavycasualties.敌方军队伤亡损失很大。词义辨析:bear，endure，stand，suffer，toleratebear(tobravelyacceptordealwithapainful,difficult,orupsettingsituation[=stand])广义的指容忍各种事情的能力eg:Hecan'tbearpeoplesmokingwhilehe'seating.他受不了别人在他吃饭的时候吸烟。Endure(tobeinadifficultorpainfulsituationforalongtimewithoutcomplaining)尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力：eg:Therearelimitstowhatthehumanbodycanendure.人体的忍耐力是有限的stand(tobeabletoacceptordealwellwithadifficultsituation[=tolerate])指精神上坚毅，有决心：eg:Thepainwastoointensetostand.痛苦强烈得无法承受。eg:Actorswhocan'tstandcriticismshouldn'tperforminpublic.受不了批评的演员不应在公众中演出。Suffer(toexperiencephysicalormentalpain)指顺从和克制eg:Hesufferedtheirinsultsinsilence.他默默忍受他们所施加的伤害。Tolerate(tobeabletoacceptsomethingunpleasantordifficult,eventhoughyoudonotlikeit)主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意6.symptomn.somethingwrongwithyourbodyormindwhichshowsthatyouhaveaparticularillness症状；asignthataseriousproblemexists征兆eg:Symptomsincludeheadachesandfever.症状包括头疼和发烧。eg:Coughisoneofthesymptomsofhavingpneumonia.咳嗽是肺炎的症状之一。eg:Afterstudyinghissymptoms,thedoctordiagnosedhehadgotafever.在研究他的症状之后，医生诊断他发烧了。eg:Thestrikeisasymptomofthedeclinationofeconomy.这次罢工是经济衰退的征兆。eg:Thecrimerateisasymptomofsocialunrest.犯罪率是社会不安定的征兆。7.tempern.atendencytobecomeangrysuddenlyoreasily脾气eg:Helosthistemperwhenhesawhisroommateusinghistoothbrush.当他看到同屋正在用他的牙刷时他大发脾气。eg:Ifhecan’tlearnhowtocontrolhistemper,hewilllosthisjob.如果他不能学会控制他的脾气，他就会失去工作。词组拓展：keepone'stemper忍住气；不发火loseone'stemper发火；生气outoftemper发火；动怒相关表达：good-temperedadj.好脾气的bad-temperedadj.坏脾气的ill-tempered坏脾气的even-tempered好脾气的temperamentn.气