应急管理

WhatisPreparedness?什么是准备性Actionstakenpriortoanemergencytodevelopoperationalcapabilities(bygovernments,organizations,respondingagencies)toensureaneffectiveresponseshouldamajorincidentordisasteroccur.为确保在重要事件或灾害发生时的有效响应所提前做出的具体行动（由政府，组织，响应机构）1PreparednessProgramConsiderations准备工作的考虑Organizationalparticipation全体参与Feasibleemergencyresponseanddisasterrecoveryactions应急响应与灾害恢复工作Functionalityofagenciesandneededresources机构的智能与所需资源Programestablishmentandmaintenance项目建立与维护210Practices–PreparednessPlanning10个实践-准备规划1.Planningshouldbebaseduponaccurateknowledgeofthethreatandlikelyhumanresponses规划需基于对威胁以及可能人类反应的准确认识2.Shouldencourageappropriateaction鼓励行动3.Plannersshouldrecognizerealities规划师需要考虑实际情况4.Inter-organizationalcoordination组织间协调5.Integrateplansintoacomprehensiveapproachformulti-hazardmanagement为多灾害管理将计划融于综合性措施36.Plansshouldhaveatrainingcomponent计划包括训练部分7.Providefortestingofproposedresponseoperationsandalloworganizationstodeveloppersonalrelationshipwitheachother.提供对响应措施的测试并允许各机构之间发展私人关系8.Continuingprocessasplansarenotstatic.持续的过程并不是静止的9.Emergencyplanningisalmostalwaysconductedinthefaceofconflictandresistance.应急规划基本都在抵触与斗争中进行的10.Planningandmanagementaredifferentfunctions.规划与管理是不同功能Perry,R.andM.Lindell(2003).“PreparednessforEmergencyResponse:GuidelinesfortheEmergencyPlanningProcess”.Disasters,Volume27,Issue4,December2003,pp.336–350.410Practices–PreparednessPlanning10个实践-准备规划PreparednessActivitiesforEmergencyResponseGeneralMeasures一般方法Establishingorganizationalresilience(continuityofgovernment)建立组织的适应性（政府的持续性）Developingagencylinkages发展机构间联系Assessinghazards灾害评估Policysetting政策设定Coordinatedemergencyresponseplans经协调的应急方案Operationalreadiness实施准备Trainingprogramforemergencypersonnel应急人员训练5对于应急的准备工作TrainingandExercises培训与练习6GeneralMeasures一般方法Exercisingplansandsystems方案预演Emergencyoperationscenters(EOC)应急指挥中心Emergencycommunications应急沟通Publicawareness,targetedpubliceducation&emergencypublicinformation公众知情，特定人群的教育Emergencybroadcastwarningsystems应急广播报警系统Criticalinfrastructureprotectionprogram关键设施保护Mutualaidagreements互相救援协议Resourcemanagement资源管理7PreparednessActivitiesforEmergencyResponse对于应急的准备工作PlanningHorizon规划视角8NationalResponsePlan国家响应方案OrganizationalResponsePlans组织响应方案EmergencySupportFunctions紧急支持功能HazardorIncidentSpecific针对灾害或事件的TypesofEmergencyResponsePlans灾害响应方案9Support,Resources&ResponseActivities支持，资源与响应活动CycloneEarthquakeTerrorismMajorFloodPandemicEvacuation疏散XXXXXTransportationimpacts交通影响XXXXXDebrisremoval废墟清除XXXXXSheltering庇护XXXXXHealthsystemimpacts健康设施XXXXXMassfatalitymanagement大规模伤亡控制XXXXXLogisticssupport后勤支持XXXXx1011EssentialElementsofanEmergencyResponsePlan应急方案的关键组成Purposeoftheplan方案目的Situation/scope情形Assumptions假设ConceptofOperations(CONOPS)设施概念Organizationandassignmentofresponsibilities责任的组织与分配Resourcesavailable可用资源Administrationandlogistics管理与后勤Plandevelopmentandmaintenance,and计划制定与维护Authoritiesandreferences(laws,regulations,policies)权力机构（法律，规定，政策）12GroupActivity#1Determinewhatkeyorganizationsshouldbeinvolvedinpreparednessactivitiesforemergencyresponse,andidentifytheirmainroleandresponsibilities.确立应被涉及到应急响应中准备性工作的关键组织，并明确他们的主要职责。13LunchTime午饭时间14