动词和动词短语.ppt

1/852/85精讲精练动词是英语中最重要的词汇,是英语句子中心,因此掌握动词是学好英语的关键。3/851.实义动词3一、动词的类别精讲精练实义动词又称行为动词,是具有实实在在意义能单独作谓语的动词。实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后需带宾语意义才完整,如：buy,catch,invent,like,say等。不及物动词后不需或不能接宾语,如：live,agree,look,listen,come,rise等。动词包括四类：实义动词、情态动词、助动词、系动词,其中除实义动词外,其余的几类都得和动词或其他词一起构成谓语。4/851.实义动词3一、动词的类别精讲精练动词包括四类：实义动词、情态动词、助动词、系动词,其中除实义动词外,其余的几类都得和动词或其他词一起构成谓语指出下列句子的动词分别属哪一类？1.HelivesinthecityofChangsha.2.Heenjoyssingingverymuch.3.Thismeetingseemsveryimportantforus.4.It'sgettingcolderandcolder.Iwanttogetacoat.5.Ihaveneverwatchedsuchawonderfulmatch.6.Yesterdaywehadaveryimportantmeeting.7.MustIstayheretillhecomesback?8.Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea?5/852.系动词3一、动词的类别精讲精练动词包括四类：实义动词、情态动词、助动词、系动词,其中除实义动词外,其余的几类都得和动词或其他词一起构成谓语系动词有一定的词义,但不完整,必须和作表语的形容词、名词、介词短语、副词及非谓语动词一起连用。如以上3、4小题。系动词分为两类：一类表示状态或存在,如：be,remain,seem,appear,keep,look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,stay,lie,stand,sit等。另一类表示状态变化,如：go,come,turn,get,become,fall等。6/853.助动词3一、动词的类别精讲精练动词包括四类：实义动词、情态动词、助动词、系动词,其中除实义动词外,其余的几类都得和动词或其他词一起构成谓语顾名思义助动词是用来帮助动词表现语法现象,如：否定、疑问、时态、语态等。如一般现在时的助动词是do,does;一般过去时为did。7/853二、动词短语精讲精练在英语中,由动词和小品词(up,down,in,out,on,off,over,away)构成的动词短语很多,下面对这一类的短语进行分类,找出它们的规律,以便更好地掌握它们。8/853二、动词短语精讲精练(1)向上(towardorintoahigherposition)lift/hold/putup举起pickup捡起growup长大sendup使上升riseup升起lookup抬起头takeup拿起,开始从事buildup树立setup建立1.up9/853二、动词短语精讲精练(2)完成,结束(expressingcompletenessandfinality)finishup完成drinkup喝干eatup吃光burnup烧光useup用光fillup装满sumup总结dryup枯竭,干涸swallowup吞没beatup痛打breakup结束,分解1.up10/853二、动词短语精讲精练(3)分开,消灭(expressingseparationanddestroy)breakup拆开,驱散cutup切碎splitup分裂divideup分割smashup捣毁blowup炸毁tearup撕碎giveup放弃1.up11/853二、动词短语精讲精练(4)增加,变强(toastateofgreateractivity,force,strength,poweranddegree)turnup调高,开大,出现shakeup震惊warmup兴奋,热身speakup大声说heatup变热speedup加速buildup增大,增进cheerup振作起来1.up12/853二、动词短语精讲精练(5)变好,改善(astobebetterandproper)bringup抚育checkup核对clearup清理,天晴clean/tidyup整理doup整理polishup擦亮,改进lightup点亮makeup化妆,和解,弥补1.up13/853二、动词短语精讲精练(6)关住,锁紧,固定住(firmly,tightlyandclosely)shut/lock/chain关闭(锁住)fastenup系住keepup坚持blockup堵塞chokeup堵塞save/storeup存起来holdup延误1.up14/853二、动词短语精讲精练(7)向说话人的方向(totheplacewherethespeakeris)goup,runup,rushup,walkup,marchup,comeup,driveup,swimup走(跑、冲、开车……)上前来1.up15/853二、动词短语精讲精练(1)向下的位置(toorintoalowerposition)cutdown砍倒handdown传下来knockdown撞倒laydown放下pulldown拉下blowdown吹倒bringdown打倒2.down16/853二、动词短语精讲精练(2)减少(强度,量和体积)(adecreaseinintensity,amount,bulk)diedown变弱,逐渐停止holddown压低burndown(火)减弱,烧坏/掉slowdown慢下来bringdown降低2.down17/853二、动词短语精讲精练(3)停止,减弱(toastateoflessactivity,force,strengthandpower)closedown关闭breakdown坏了,崩溃settledown平静下来cooldown冷静下来turndown拒绝diedown停止,渐渐消失laysb.down使失望putdown镇压2.down18/853二、动词短语精讲精练(4)写下,记下(onpaperorinwriting)write/put/copy/note/takedown记下2.down19/853二、动词短语精讲精练(1)继续(continuously)carryondriveonfightonholdonkeeponliveonsingonwalkongoonhurryonmoveonreadon3.on20/853二、动词短语精讲精练(2)连上,固定住(inorintoastateofbeingconnected)acton对……起作用comeon跟随fastenon纠缠,抓牢turnswitch/on打开puton穿上hangon不挂断depend/rely/counton依靠takeon呈现(takeonanewlook呈现新面貌)3.on21/853二、动词短语精讲精练(3)开始某活动(inorintoanactiveoperation)bringon引起lookon旁观,观看callon拜访planon打算decideon对……作出决定reflecton思考,反思remarkon评论,议论3.on22/853二、动词短语精讲精练(1)离开(indicatingdeparture)blowoff吹掉driveoff击退seeoff送行sendoff送行,解雇calloff叫走,取消takeoff起飞,脱衣carryoff夺走knockoff击倒,敲掉4.off23/853二、动词短语精讲精练(2)去掉,断开(indicatingremovalordisconnection)cutoff切断tearoff扯掉shut/switch/turnoff关掉wearoff磨损gooff爆炸breakoff中断4.off24/853二、动词短语精讲精练(3)完成,停止(indicatingcompletion)finishoff结束payoff付清wearoff消失,逐渐减弱writeoff注销,购销layoff停止,解雇4.off25/853二、动词短语精讲精练(1)进入,向里(into,inside,indoors)breakin闯入,插嘴dropin偶然拜访getin插入,收进leadin导入letin进入,嵌入draw/pullin(火车)进站involvein卷入5.in26/853二、动词短语精讲精练(2)包围,关闭(tobesurrounded,orenclosed)closein包围,封闭lockin禁闭shutin关进wallin围住5.in27/853二、动词短语精讲精练(3)加入,记入(tobeadded,orincluded)bookin登记checkin签到countin记入fillin填入handin交上takein吸收sendin呈交5.in28/853二、动词短语精讲精练(1)向外(awayfromtheinside,outside)keepout使在外take/bringout拿出putout放出,伸出comeout长出layout摆开,展示stickout伸出dineout外出吃饭letout放出,释放6.out29/853二、动词短语精讲精练(2)结束,消失,取消(tooratanend,nottobethereornottoexist)burnout烧尽,烧断putout扑灭runout用完giveout耗尽wipeout消灭dieout灭绝carryout完成,执行leaveout省去goout熄灭cut/crossout删去,停止oldout坚持到底sellout卖完tire/wearout筋疲力尽6.out30/853二、动词短语精讲精练(3)大声(inaloudvoice,aloud)singoutcryoutshoutoutcalloutspeakoutscreamoutreadoutyelloutburstout喊,申斥6.out31/853二、动词短语精讲精练(4)分发,传开(toanumberofpeopleorinalldirections)give/handout分发spreadout传开start/setout出发breakout爆发dropout离开,退出6.out32/853二、动词短语精讲精练(5)搞清,弄明白(inorintonoticeandclearness)findout找出figureout算出,解决makeout弄清countout点清comeout出版,出现bringout发表,说出fillout使完全,添满6.out33/853二、动词短语精讲精练(1)翻过来(downwardsfromanuprightposition)knockover撞倒turnover翻转fallover脸朝下跌倒bendover俯身7.over34/853二、动词短语精讲精练(2)自始至终,通过,重复(frombeginningtoend,through,againandagain)lookover调查,检查thinkover考虑seeover查看talkover商量readover读一遍goover复习7.over35/853二、动词短语精讲精练(3)向上,向外(indicatingmotionupwardsoroutwards)runover溢出spillover溢出boilover因沸腾溢出7.over36/853二、动词短语精讲精练(4)越过,经过(fromonesidetotheother,acrossaspaceordistance)jumpover跳过climbover爬过comeover过来goover过来swimover游过walkover走过moveover移过fl