公开课-名词性从句(定稿)

Nounclausespoppy•名词在句中可充当主语，表语，宾语和同位语，起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。•Forexample:1.Thebagisinthedesk.2.Iwashedmyclothesyesterday3.Sheisanicegirl.4.Theprofessor,myunclecamebackyesterday.名词性从句的概念：名词性从句主语从句（SubjectClause）宾语从句（ObjectClause）表语从句（PredicativeClause）同位语从句（AppositiveClause）作主语作宾语作表语作同位语功能例词从属连词只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成份。that,whether,if，asif（只用于表语从句）名词性从句的连接词通常有：功能例词连接代词既起连接作用，本身又做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。Who,whom,whose,what,which功能例词连接副词既起连接作用，本身又做从句的状语。when,where,why,how，wherever,whenever…主语从句在句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句。主语从句可以放句首；但多数放句末，句首用形式主语IT.Forexample:1.Thattheearthisroundistrue.=Itistruethattheearthisround.Thebagisinthedesk2.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome.注意：连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。3.Wholetoutthenewsremainedunknown.4.Howthishappenedisstillaquestion.5.Whyhedidn’tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.注意：who,which,how,when,where,why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：1.It+be+形容词+that从句Itis/wascertainthat–clauseclearimportantnecessaryprobablepossible（1）Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.（2）Itispossiblethathetoldhereverything.2、It+be+名词词组+that从句Itis/wasapitythat–clauseshameduty(1)Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.(2)Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.3、It+be+过去分词+that从句Itissaidthat–clausereportedthoughthopedbelievedknown(1)Itissaidthatheisthebeststudentintheclass.(2)ItisthoughtthatJoedrivesbadly.4、It+seem,happen,appear等不及物动词+that从句。(1)ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.(2)IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.对比训练____hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.That____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.That1.主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数；2.如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数；3.由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。1.Howandwhyhedidtheexperimentareunknowntoall.2.Howhedidtheexperimentandwhyhedidtheexperimentisunknowntoall.3.Whenhedidtheexperimenthasnotbeendecidedyet.五、主语从句中的主谓一致判断下列句子是否正确√×isare×表语从句在句中充当表语的句子(多数放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。That’swhatweshoulddo.Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。Sheisanicegirl.That’swhyIwanttoseeyou.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing注意：表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”1.be,seem,look,appear,sound等动词后均可跟表语从句：Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.2.asif,because也可引导表语从句。Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.注意：在表语从句中，当reason作主语时，引导词只能用that，不能用because，如:Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tcatchtheearlybus.1.ThatIndianeedsisalawtomakelandownershipfairer.2.Ifthemeetingwillbeheldremainsunknown.----------WhatWhether3.Thatisasurprisethatsheisstillalive.4.Theproblemisifwewillraiseducksorgeese.5.Thequestionishowyoushoulddonext.------------------Itwhetherwhat宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。1.作动词宾语Idon’tknowthatyouwillcomehere.Iwonderwhathehasdone.2.作介词宾语TheteacherissatisfiedwithwhatIsaid.Heisthinkingabouthowtosolvetheproblem.注意：介词的宾语从句一般不用which和if来引导，而要分别用what和whether来引导。如：Areyousorryforwhatyou’vedone?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperience.不可用ifwhich不可以3、用作某些形容词的宾语从句：这类形容词常见的有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等。(1)Iamsureyoulookedbeautifulthatevening.(2)Wewerenotsurprisedthathereturnedthreedayslaterthanexpected.(3)Everyonewasafraidthatsomeonemightfindoutthathecouldseenothing.(4)Motherwasverypleased(that)herdaughterhadpassedtheentranceexams.引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去，特别在口语中是这样。注意whether和if引导的宾语从句：whether和if引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用whether不用if。（1）在whetherornot结构中不可用if代替whetherIdon’tknowwhetherornothe’llcome.Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.Everythingdependsonwhetherthesituationwillimprove.（2）介词后面的宾语从句用whether，不用if（3）引导主语从句和表语从句用whether,不用ifWhetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.(4)whether可用在不定式前，if则不能.Pleasetellmewhethertogoornot.宾语从句中用it作形式宾语Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。这种句型的谓语动词有think,make,feel,find,consider.Iconsideritnecessarythatheshoulddoitagain.Iinsistedthathe（should）doitatonce.Shesuggestedthatthework（should）befinishedatonce.Themayororderedthatthebridge(should)berepairedassoonaspossbile.注意：在suggest,insist,demand,order,require等表示建议，命令，要求的动词后，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如：宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()Ibelievehewon’tseeyou.()Idon’tbelievehewillseeyou.()注意：如果宾语从句是由think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。注意：这类句子后若带有附加疑问句，应采用肯定形式来后问，后问部分应于从句主语一致。Idon’tbelievesheknowit,doesshe?（2）时态：学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。（1）在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。如：MarysaysthatTomisn’tlazy.Tomisdoingwellinhislesson.ShewillaskTomsomequestions.Tommayfallbehindtheothers.Shemissedusverymuch.Shewaswritingaletter.ShewouldvisittheGreatWall.Shesaidthat如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。如：(1)Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(2)Theoldmansaidthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如：AlettertoteachersfromagraduationConsolidation(巩固一下吧)Dearteachers，____makesusdepressed____wewillgraduatefromNo.1middleschool.Thereasonwhywearesosadis____wewillsaygoodbyetoourlovelyteachersandcl