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SCMdevelopmenthistory1.ThegeneralsituationoflistslicemachineThesinglechipmicrocomputerreferredtoasSCM,istypicalofembeddedmicro-controller(SCMUnit),thecommonlyusedlettersoftheabbreviationMCUMCU,itwasfirstusedinthefieldofindustrialcontrol.MasterSCMtechnologytoenablemorepeopleintheindustry,students,enthusiasts,productdevelopers,andthequestionaroseduetotheextensiveapplicationofSCMinthefieldofindustrialcontrol,SCMdevelopmentboard,themorefamoussuchase-DZR-01ASCMdevelopmentboard.SCMevolvedbytheonlydedicatedprocessorCPUchip.ThefirstdesignconceptbyalargenumberofperipheralsandCPUintegratedinasinglechip,thecomputersystemissmaller,andmoreeasilyintegratedintocomplexandrequirestrictcontrolequipmentonthevolume.INTELZ80isthefirstprocessordesignedinaccordancewiththisidea,sincethen,thedevelopmentofSCManddedicatedprocessorhasgrownapart.EarlySCMare8or4.OneofthemostsuccessfulistheINTEL8031,becausethesimpleandreliableperformancegoodalotofpraise.Laterin8031onthedevelopmentofMCS51seriesSCMsystem.IsstillinwideuseofSCMsystembasedonthissystemuntilnow.Beganwiththeindustrialcontrolarearequiresimprovementofa16-bitSCM,butnotidealbecausethepricehasnotbeenaverywiderangeofapplications.The1990s,consumerelectronics,SCMtechnologyhasbeenahugeincrease.WiththeINTELThei960series,especiallytheARMseriesofwidelyused32-bitSCMquicklyreplacedthe16-bitsingle-chiphigh-endstatus,andenterthemainstreammarket.Traditional8-bitMCUperformancehasalsobeenarapidincreaseprocessingcapacitythanafewtimesinthe1980s.Atpresent,high-end32-bitSCMclockedmorethan300MHz,performance,catchingupwithadedicatedprocessorinthemid-1990s,whiletheordinarymodelpricesdropto$1,themosthigh-endmodelisonly$10.ContemporarySCMsystemisnolongeronlyinthebaremetalenvironmenttodevelopandusealargenumberofdedicatedembeddedoperatingsystemiswidelyusedinafullrangeofSCM.Ashandheldcomputersandmobilephonescoreprocessinghigh-endSCMcanevenuseadedicatedWindowsandLinuxoperatingsystems.TheSCMismorethanadedicatedprocessorforembeddedsystems,soithasbeenuptotheapplication.InfactSCMistheworld’slargestnumberofcomputer.OfmodernhumanlifeinalmosteveryelectronicandmechanicalproductswillbeintegratedSCM.Mobilephone,telephone,calculator,householdappliances,electronictoys,handheldcomputers,aswellasmouseandothercomputeraccessorieswith1-2MinistriesSCM.ThePCwillhavealargenumberofSCMwork.Generallyequippedwithmorethan40single-chipsinthecar,evenincomplexindustrialcontrolsystemsmayhavehundredsofsinglechipatthesametime!ThenumberofSCMisnotonlyfarmorethanthesumofPCandothercomputingevenmorethanthenumberofhumanbeingsevenmore.Thesingle-chip,alsoknownassingle-chipSCM,itisnotthecompletionofalogicalfunctionofthechip,butacomputersystemintegratedontoonechip.Equivalenttoamini-computerandcomputer,SCMonlythelackofme/Odevices.Speakingingeneralterms:achiphasbecomeacomputer.Itssmallsize,lightweight,inexpensive,andprovidefavorableconditionsforlearning,applicationanddevelopment.Atthesametime,learningtousetheSCMisthebestchoicefortheunderstandingofcomputertheoryandstructure.InternalSCMwithasimilarmoduleandthecomputerfunctions,suchasCPU,memory,parallelbus,thesamememoryandharddiskrole,differentperformanceofthesecomponentsarerelativelyweakalotofourhomecomputer,butthepriceislowgenerallynotmorethan10Yuancanbeuseitforcontrolappliancesofaclassisnotverycomplexworkenough.Weareusinghouseholdappliancesinsideofthedrumfullyautomaticwashingmachine,exhausthood,VCDandsooncanbeseeninitspresence,anditismainlyaspartofthecoreparts.Itisanonlinereal-timecontrolcomputer,on-linesitecontrolneedisastronganti-jammingcapability,lowercost,thisisalsooff-linecomputer(suchashomePC)themaindifference.SCMrelyontheprogramisrunning,andcanbemodified.Differentfunctionsthroughdifferentprograms,especiallythespecialuniquefunction,whichistheotherdevices,requiremuchefforttodo,whileothersmakegreateffortsitisdifficulttodo.Anotverycomplexfunctionsusingpurehardwaretogetthewordsofthe1950sdeveloped74series,or60duringtheCD4000series,thecircuitmustbeabigPCBboard!IfsuccessfulonthemarketintheUnitedStatesinthe1970sseriesofSCM,theresultwillbedifferent!JustbecauseaprogramwrittenbytheMCUthroughyoucanachievehighintelligence,highefficiencyandhighreliability!SCMforcostsensitive,soaccountingforthedominanceofthesoftwareorthelowestlevelassemblylanguage,whichisthelowestlevelthanbinarymachinecodelanguage,sincesuchlow-levelwhyuseit?Alotofhigh-levellanguagehasreachedalevelofvisualprogramming,whynot?Thereasonissimple,istheSCMdoesnothaveahomecomputerastheCPU,alsonotashardasmassstoragedevices.Avisualhigh-levellanguagetowritesmallprogramsinsideevenifthereisonlyonebutton,willreachtensofKofsize!NothingintermsofhomePac’sharddrives,butforSCMintermsofisnotacceptable.SCMintheutilizationofhardwareresourcesmustbehigh,sothecompilationoftheoriginalwhilestillinheavyuse.Thesamereason,ifthecomputergiant'soperatingsystemandapplicationsoftwaretogethomePCrunuptothehomePCcannotafford.Itcanbesaidthatthetwentiethcenturyacrossthethreepowereraoftheelectricalera,theelectronicageandhasnowenteredthecomputerage.However,suchacomputerusuallyreferstoa