国外突发性事件的心理危机干预模型研究

305200910JournalofHengyangNormalUniversityNo.5Vol.30Oct.2009国外突发性事件的心理危机干预模型研究殷茵1,王畅2(1中国地质大学(武汉)应用心理学研究所,湖北武汉430074;2湖北第二师范学院,湖北武汉430060):国外突发性事件的心理干预模式可分为三类:一是阶段划分性模式,即针对干预过程不同阶段的特点采取不同的措施;二是整合性模式,即将不同的干预模式支持资源加以整合;三是特殊针对性模式,即针对特殊人群和情境的干预策略或特殊形式的组织形式我国应借鉴国外的相关经验完善危机干预体系中的心理干预模式:突发性事件;危机干预;模型:B84567:A:16730313(2009)05016103,,,,,,,,[1]1Solomon(1998),[2],,,,,,,[3],,2,,:,;,;,21阶段划分性模型GillilandJames6:(1),,,;(2),;(3),,,;(4),,,,,;(5),;(6),,:20090630:(1986),,,,161[4]EverlyCISD,[5]CISM,,,,Naser(2001)CISM,[6],,,,,22整合性模型Belkin3:,;,,,;,[7],,TedeschiCalhoun(1996)PTG(posttraumaticgrowth),(modelofposttraumaticgrowth)[8]TedeschiCalhoun(2004)PTG:,[9](),,,,PTG,,PTG,,TedeschiCalhoun(rumination)PTGTaku(2008),(intrusiverumination)(deliberaterumination),,;PTG[10]Dodgen(2002)911(theMentalHealthCommunityResponseCoalition,MHRC)[11],23特殊针对性模型Gordon,:,,(),,[12](WHO),,,,WHO,2004,WHO,(张侃国外开展灾后心理援助工作的一些做法,求是2008年16卷60期),,1623:(),,,,(),,,,(),,,,:[1].[M].:,2004:1.[2]SolomonRM.UtilizationofEMDRincrisisintervention[J].CrisisInterventionandTimeLimitedTreatment,1998,4(2):239246.[3].[D]..2006:5456.[4]BEGilliland&RKJames.[M].,.:,2000:3548.[5]EverlyGS,BoyleSH.Criticalincidentstressdebriefing(CISD)[J].Ametaanalysis.InternationalJournalofEmergencyMentalHealth,1999,1(3):165168[6]NaserFA,etal.Overcomingtheeffectsofdisasters[J].ArationalefortheKuwaitiCISMprogram.InternationalJournalofEmergencyMentalHealth,2001,3(1):1113.[7]BelkinGS.IntroductiontoCounseling(2nded.)[M].Dubuque,LA:WilliamC.Brown,1984.[8]Calhoun,L.G.,Cann,A.,Tedeschi,R.G.,&McMillan.Acorrelationaltestoftherelationshipbetweenposttraumaticgrowth,religion,andcognitiveprocessing[J].JournalofTraumaticStress,2000(13):521527.[9]Calhoun,R.G.,&Tedeschi,L.G.Thefoundationsofposttraumaticgrowth:Newconsiderations[J].PsychologicalInquiry,2004(15):93102.[10]Taku,K.,Cann,A,Tedeschi,R.G.,&Calhoun,L.G.IntrusiveversusdeliberateruminationinposttraumaticgrowthacrossUSandJapanesesamples[J].AnxietyStressCoping,2004,20(1):8.[11]DodgenD,etal.Coordinatingalocalresponsetoanationaltragedy:CommunitymentalhealthinWashington,DCafterthePentagonattack[J].MilitaryMedicine,2002(167):8789.[12]GordonNS,etal.ChildrenandDisasters.TheSeriesinTraumaandLoss[J].Philadelphia,PA:Brunner/Mazel,1999:194.AReviewofForeignCrisisInterventionModelsofCriticalIncidentYINYin1,WANGChang2(1.InstituteofApplyingPsychology,ChinaUniversityofGeoscience,(Wuhan),WuhanHubei430074,China;2JournalofHubeiUniversityofEducation,WuhanHubei430074,China)Abstract:Thestudysummarizesassessmentandinterventionmodelsofcrisisinterventionofsuddenincidentsinforeigncountries.Thesecrisisinterventionmodelscanbeclassifiedintothreetypes:first,stagedivisionmodel,whichmeansadoptingdifferentmeasuresaccordingtocharacteristicsofdifferentstagesofinterventionprocess;second,integrationmodel,whichinvolvesintegratingdifferentinterventionmodelsandsupportresources,andthird,specificitymodel,whichreferstointerventionstrategiesdesignedforspecialpopulationandsituationaswellasspecialorganizationforms.ItisexpectedtoofferreferenceforimprovingthecrisisinterventionsystemofsuddenincidentsinChina.Keywords:suddenincident;crisisintervention;models163