欧洲联盟50年-欧盟的形成与发展

TheEuropeanUnionTHEEUROPEANUNION50YearsofPeace,ProsperityandPartnership欧洲联盟50年TheEuropeanUnionCelebratingtheEuropeanUnion:AHalfCenturyofChangeandProgress•SincethecreationoftheEUhalfacenturyago,Europehasenjoyedthelongestperiodofpeaceinitshistory.•Europeanpoliticalintegrationisunprecedentedinhistory.•EUenlargementhashelpedovercomethedivisionofEurope–contributingtopeace,prosperity,andstabilityacrossthecontinent.•Asinglemarketandacommoncurrencyconditionsforcompaniesandconsumers.•EUhasunitedthecitizensofEurope–whilepreservingEurope’sdiversity.EuropeanUnionUnitedindiversityTheEuropeanUnionWhatistheEuropeanUnion?•Sharedvalues:liberty,democracy,respectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedoms,andtheruleoflaw.•Largesteconomicbodyintheworld.•World’smostsuccessfulmodelforadvancingpeaceanddemocracy.•Auniqueinstitution–MemberStatesvoluntarilycedenationalsovereigntyinmanyareastocarryoutcommonpoliciesandgovernance.•Notasuper-statetoreplaceexistingstates,norjustanorganizationforinternationalcooperation.•World’smostopenmarketforgoodsandcommoditiesfromdevelopingcountries.27730490millionMemberStatesCombinedpopulationofEUMemberStatesPercentofworld’spopulationPercentofglobalGDP55PercentofcombinedworldwideOfficialDevelopmentAssistanceTheEuropeanUnionEUInstitutionsEuropeanCommission•27Commissioners,representingtheEuropeanperspective,eachresponsibleforaspecificpolicyarea.•EU’sexecutivebranchproposeslegislation,managesUnion’sday-to-daybusinessandbudget,andenforcesrules.•NegotiatestradeagreementsandmanagesEurope’smultilateraldevelopmentcooperation.CounciloftheEuropeanUnion•EU’smaindecision-makingbody,comprisedofministersof27MemberStates,representingMemberState’spointofview.•Decidesonforeignpolicyissues.•CouncilpresidencyrotatesamongMemberStateseverysixmonths.EuropeanCommissionPresidentJoséManuelBarrosoTheEuropeanUnionEUInstitutionsEuropeanParliament•VoiceofEuropeancitizens–memberselectedforfive-yearterms.•WiththeCouncil,passesEUlawsandadoptsEUbudgets.•ApprovesEUCommissioners.EuropeanCourtofJustice•HighestEUjudicialauthority.•EnsuresallEUlawsareinterpretedandappliedcorrectlyanduniformly.•CanactasanindependentpolicymakerbutunliketheU.S.SupremeCourt,theECJcanonlydealwithmatterscoveredbytheTreaties.EuropeanParliamentinsessionTheEuropeanUnionEuropeanCentralBank•TheEuropeanCentralBank(ECB)isthecentralbankforEurope'ssinglecurrency,theeuro.•TheECB’smaintaskistomaintaintheeuro'spurchasingpowerandthuspricestabilityintheeuroarea.•Theeuroareacomprisesthe15EuropeanUnioncountriesthathaveintroducedtheeurosince1999.•TheECBoperatesindependentlyfromMemberStategovernments.Theeurowasintroducedin1999TheEuropeanUnionUnitedinDiversity-The€uroTheEuropeanUnionThe€uroIn1999,theeuroareawasestablishedasacurrencyinelevenofthethenfifteenEUMemberStates.Ofthe27EUMemberStatestoday,fifteenhaveadoptedtheeuro.OneofthestrikingbenefitsofasingleEuropeancurrencyarelowinterestratesduetoahighdegreeofpricestability.Theeuroisasstableandcredibleasthebest-performingcurrenciespreviouslyusedintheeuroareacountries.€€€€TheEuropeanUnion1951:•IntheaftermathofWorldWarII,theaimwastosecurepeaceamongEurope’svictoriousandvanquishednationsandbringthemtogetherasequals,cooperatingwithinsharedinstitutions.•BasedonaplanbyFrenchForeignMinisterRobertSchuman.•Sixfoundingcountries–Belgium,theFederalRepublicofGermany,France,Italy,LuxembourgandtheNetherlands–signedatreatytorunheavyindustries(coalandsteel)undercommonmanagement.EuropeanCoalandSteelCommunityJeanMonnetandotherleaderswiththefirst“European”ingotofsteelTheEuropeanUnionTreatyofRome•Thesixfoundingcountriesexpandedcooperationtoothereconomicsectors,creatingtheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)–or“commonmarket.”•Asaresult,people,goods,services,andcapitaltodaymovefreelyacrosstheUnion.1957:SigningoftheTreatyofRomeTheEuropeanUnion1951FoundingMembersBelgiumFranceGermanyItalyLuxembourgNetherlandsTheEuropeanUnion1973DenmarkIrelandUnitedKingdomTheEuropeanUnion1981GreeceTheEuropeanUnion1986PortugalSpainTheEuropeanUnionNovember1989FalloftheBerlinWallsetsthestageforunifyingEuropeandEUenlargementTheEuropeanUnion1995AustriaFinlandSwedenTheEuropeanUnion2004CyprusCzechRepublicEstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuaniaMaltaPolandSlovakiaSloveniaTheEuropeanUnion2007BulgariaRomaniaTheEuropeanUnionCandidateCountriesCroatiaFormerYugoslavRepublicofMacedoniaTurkeyPotentialCandidateCountriesAlbaniaBosnia&HerzegovinaMontenegroSerbiaincludingKosovounderUNSecurityCouncilResolution1244TheEuropeanUnion50YearsofEUIntegrationEnlargementhas:•Inspiredreformsandconsolidatedcommonprinciplesofliberty,democracy,respectforhumanrights,fundamentalfreedoms,theruleoflaw,andmarketeconomy.•EnhancedtheEU’sweightintheworldandmadeitastrongerandmoreattractiveinternationalpartner.“EnlargementhasbeenasuccessstoryfortheEuropeanUnionandEuropeasawhole.IthashelpedtoovercomethedivisionofEuropeandcontributedtopeaceandstabilitythroughoutthecontinent.”EuropeanCouncilDeclarationDec.15,200619572007MemberStates627Population174million493millionLanguages423TheEuropeanUnionTheEUisaglobalplayer.Itssoftpowerpromotesstability,pro