高二英语选修8-unit-1-a-land-of-diversityLanguage-points

1.CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.population(1)对人口提问用what,不用howmany,howmuch。e.g.What’sthepopulationofthecity?这个城市有多少人口？(2)population作主语时用单数，但前有分数，小数，百分数时，谓语动词用复数。e.g.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.中国人口比美国人口多。80%ofthepopulationarefarmers.百分之80的人口是农民。(3)人口的增加或减少用grow(increase)和fall(decrease);人口的多少用large和small。2.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的一条大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。meansn.方式,手段(单复数相同)。e.g.Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnonehasworked.Somemeansarepracticalwhileothersarenot.bymeansof用……方式bythismeans(inthisway)用这种方式e.g.Hesucceededbymeansofhardwork.◆联想记忆：bynomeans决不，一点也不e.g.Sheisbynomeanspoor;infact,sheisveryrich.3.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,…majorityn.大多数1)themajorityofthepeople大多数人2)majority常与a/the连用;most后接名词或of+n.e.g.Themajorityofthepeopleareagainsttheideaofbuildinganewfactoryhere.大多数人都反对在这儿建一个新工厂的主意。=Mostpeople/Mostofthepeopleareagainsttheideaofbuildinganewfactoryhere.themajority单独做主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。a/themajorityof+n.后可用不可数名词，也可用可数名词复数，谓语动词由后面的名词决定。注意Themajority__________forthebudget.Themajorityofstudents____hard-working.Themajorityofthedamage___easytorepair.was/wereareis4.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcenturywhentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland.16世纪早期,西班牙士兵到达南美洲,这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。fightfor为事业,自由,真理,权利等而斗争(战斗)fightfor,fightagainst&fightwithe.g.Theyarefightingforfreedom.他们正为自由而战。fightagainst(可用with)theenemy“为反对……而斗争”；(接人和国家名词)“与……战斗”fightwithsb.也可表示与某人并肩作战5.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.有的人死了，有的人回家了，但是大部分人留在了加利福尼亚，尽管遇到了很大的困难，也开始了新的生活。makealife开始新的生活e.g.Theygotobigcitiestomakealife.关于life的短语：earn/makealivinglead/livea...life谋生过着......的生活6.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,…人们认为很快民族就会大融合在一起，从而没有了非常明显的主要种族或文化群体之分。人们认为......mixvt.&vi.混合、掺和mixAwithB1)Hemixedredpaintwithyellowpainttomakeorangepaint.2)Itisbettertomixworkwithpleasure.◆联想记忆：mixturen.混合物mixedadj.混合的,复杂的,男女混合的Hearingthenews,Ihad_______feelings.Thecityisa________ofancientandmodernbuildings.mixedmixtureHeisfamousfor________Chinesetraditionalmusic_____westernperformanceformsandinstruments.mixingwithnationality国籍,民族1)—Whatisyournationality?—I’mChinese.2)totakeAmericannationality加入美国国籍7.…,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.阅读下列句子，观察keepup在句中的意思。1)Todaythepeopleinthevillagestillkeepuptheiroriginalculture.2)Thesnowstormkeptupforfivedays.沿袭（风俗、传统等）保持，持续3)Iseeyou’regettingalongwellwithyourEnglishstudies.Splendid!Youmustkeepupthegoodwork.坚持，维持keepupwith跟上，不落在……后面；了解；保持联系keepoff挡住；（使）避开keepon继续（干）；坚持（干）1.Theycouldnotkeepupwithuswhenweclimbedthemountain.爬山的时候，他们跟不上我们。2.Sheheldanoldpieceofclothoverthembothtokeeptherainoff.她把一块旧布料披在他们身上挡雨。3.Youjusthavetokeepontrying.选用以上短语的适当形式填空。1.Insomeparks,visitorsarerequestedto__________thegrass.2.Let’shopethesunnyweather________forSaturday’stennismatch.keepoffkeepsup1.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.[分析]a.本句是一个主从复合句,也是个倒装句。b.主句是__________________,从句是when引导的宾语从句。c.在宾语从句中,what引导的从句作介词in的宾语。noonereallyknows[考点]exactly精确地，恰好，完全。可构成notexactly，表示“一点也不，不完全是”。2.Inmorerecentdecades,CaliforniahasbecomehometomorepeoplefromAsia,includingKoreans,Cambodians,VietnameseandLaotians.最近几十年,加利福尼亚成了更多亚洲人的家,其中包括韩国人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。1)这是一个简单句。句中有inthepastfewyears,inrecentyears等时间状语时,句子的谓语动词通常用现在完成时。Inthepasttenyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.2)including是介词,意为“包括(于……之中)”。1.—Whatn_________areyou?—IamChinese.2.Onlyafewofthemthoughthighlyoftheplan.The_______(大多数)wereagainstit.3.TheTaiwan_______(海峡)separatesTaiwanIslandfromthemainland.I.根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示,写出各单词的正确形式。nationalitymajorityStrait4.___________(移民)inthe1980swasveryhigh.5.Radioandtelevisionareimportantm____ofcommunication.6.Theunemployment__________(百分比)keepsrising.7.R_____(种族的)conflictsstillexistinmanycountries.ImmigrationmeanspercentageRacial1.Hecrossedtheriver___________araft.2.Shehopesto__________fromwritingchildren’sbooks.II.用所给词组的适当形式填空。bymeansofmakealifemakealifebymeansofdeclarewaronfightagainstkeepupsettleinbeforcedintodoing3.I_______________takingataxibecausethelastbushadleft.4.They______________theenemybravelytogaintheirfreedom.5.We’realittledisorganizedafterthemove,butdocomeandseeuswhenwe’ve__________.wasforcedintofoughtagainstsettledin6.Let’shopethesunnyweather____________________forSunday’sfootballmatch.7.Germany______________Franceon3rdAugust1914.keepsup/willkeepupdeclaredwaron1.现在的人，大部分似乎喜欢玩电脑而不喜欢看电视。(amajorityof)III.根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。AmajorityofpeopletodayseemtopreferplayingcomputertowatchingTV.2.很有可能他不会按时参加晚会。(Itislikelythat...)3.大家都相信汉语将会在全世界得到更广泛的传播。(Itisbelievedthat...)Itislikelythathewillnottakepartinthepartyontime.ItisbelievedthatChinesewillbespreadevenmorewidelyintheworld.4.最快的交通工具是飞机。(means)Thequickestmeansoftravelis