it的用法总结打印

高二英语语法专题“It用法”导学案学习目标：熟悉课文中出现的it句型，能熟练运用该句型，并了解其他常见it句型。学习重点：it做形式主语和形式宾语学习难点：运用it句型学习内容：It表指代(人、事物、时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象)It作形式主语、形式宾语it引导的强调句、It表时间的固定句式：学习步骤：呈现仿句归纳反馈一.人称代词a.用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物，以避免重复:b.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):二.非人称代词有时并不指具体的东西，可指天气、时间、距离、环境等。It无需翻译出来。从这儿到我的家乡约有五十公里。It'sabout50kilometersfromheretomyhometown.从这儿到我们学校是步行一个小时的路程。It‘shalfanhour’swalkfromheretoourschool．这里非常暖和。It‘sniceandwarmhere．看，路面是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。三.指示代词：指代this或thatThisisyourpen,isn’tit?What’sthatonthedesk?Iguessitmightbearobot.四,用作形式主语或形式宾语。1.当作主语的不定式、－ing短语或从句太长时，往往用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语移至句末，以避免句子头重脚轻。it作形式主语的常见句型：★it替代动词不定式作主语的常见句型为:1)Itisnecessary/important/possible/easy…..forsbtodo….如:Itisnecessanytolearnaforeignlanuage.学一门外语是有必要的。2）Itiskind/foolish/polite/brave/careless…ofsbtodo.常用形容词:clever/wise/bright/silly/foolish/stupid/kind/cruel/right/wrong等如:Itiskindofyoutohelpme=Youarekindtohelpme.:谢谢你帮助我.3)Itisuptosbtodosth.该由某人做某事如:Itisuptoyoutodecide.由你来决定.4)Itisone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事.如;Itisyourturntospeak轮到你发言了.5)Ittakes/took/willtakesbsometimetodosth.如:Ittookmeanhourtofinishreadingthenovel.读完这本小说花了我一个时.6）Itcostsbsomemoneytodosth某人花多少钱做某事。★It替代动名词作主语的常见句型：1）It’snogood/use/useless…如:It’snouse/goodarguingwithhim.和他争论是没有用的。2)Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.“做…是浪费时间”3)Itispleasure/fundoingsth3）It’s(well)worthwhiledoing/todosth.如：It’sworthwhiletolearnEnglish。学英语是值得的.★It替代主语从句常见句型:1）Itis+adj.+that从句①Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,likely,certain....)that.....“清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）”很可能明天她会来。Itislikelythathewillcometomorrow.很明显他犯了一个愚蠢的错误。Itisclearthathemadeafoolishmistake.②.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural...)that...that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。我们学好英语是很重要的。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell。奇怪的是他竟然没有参加这么重要的会议。Itisstrangethatheshouldnotattendsuchanimportantconference.2)Itisapity(ashame很遗憾，awonder很奇怪，goodnews好消息...)that...表示出乎意料，常用(should)+do译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，时态根据语境来定。很遗憾他竟然没有通过考试。Itisashamethathedidn’tpasstheexam.很遗憾我不能来参加你的生日聚会了。ItisapitythatIwillnotattendyourbirthdayparty.3）.Itis+v-ed+that从句①Itissaid(reported，believed....)that...据说（据报道，据悉．．．）“。据说他已经来北京了。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing=HeissaidtohavecomeBeijing.据说他将要来北京。ItissaidthathewillcomeBeijingtomorrow=HeissaidtocomeBeijingtomorrow.据说他正在北京开会。ItissaidthatheisattendingameetinginBeijing=Heissaidtobeattendingameeting…②.Itissuggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that...主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令．．．）据建议会议被推迟。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.4).Ithappens(seems，looks，appears)that...碰巧．．./看来．．．碰巧他在街上遇见了他的老师。Itsohappenedthathemet/cameacrosshisteacherinthestreet.好像他几天后就回来。Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.5）Itoccurredto/struck(strikes)/hitsb+that……某人突然想到……ItoccurredtomethatIhadmethimsomewhere.我突然想起在什么地方见过他。我突然想到他可能是在说谎。Itoccurredtomethatperhapshewaslying.6)Itdoesn’tmatter(tosb.)wh-从句“…没有关系”Itmakesa/no/somedifference(tosb.)+wh—从句“…有关系/影响”如：①Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhecomesornot.他来还是不来都没关系。②Itwon’tmakemuchdifferencewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.你今天去也好，明天去也好，关系不大。7).表示时间的句型①Itistime(abouttime/hightime)that…（did/shoulddo）/forsbtodosth...该是某人做……的时候了该是政府采取有效的措施来保护环境的时候了。Itishightimethatthegovernmentshouldtake/tookeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.②It/This/Thatis/wasthefirst(second...)timethat...(havedone/haddone)“是第一（二）．．．次．．．”。这是我第一次来这。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.it作形式宾语的常见句型：1)Sb+think,believe,make,find,consider,feel+it+宾补（adj/n）+todo/doing/that从句如：Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.Ithinkitmyhonortobeinvitedtospeakhere.我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。重要句型：Sb.makeitaruletodosomething“习惯于…”Sb.makeitclearthat/whether…“弄清楚…”…makeitpossible(forsb.)todo.使…做…成为可能1.我认为和他争吵没有用。Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim2.我发现学英语非常有趣。IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.3.他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣.Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.4.Peter习惯饭后散步.Petermadearuletogoforawalkafterdinner5.Hisparentsmanagedtomakeitpossible(使…成为可能)forhimtogoabroad.(possible)2).动词+介词+it+that从句Youmaydepend/relyonitthatitistrue.（depend/relyonitthat指望，相信）Ican’tanswerforitthathewillhelpyou（answerforitthat保证、担保）Whenyouleave,youmustseetoitthatthewindowisclosed.(seetoitthat留意，务必)3.动词+it+介词短语+that-从句。如：IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。(oweittosbthat把…归功于某人)Itookitforgrantedthathewouldhelpus.我想当然地认为他会帮助我们的。(takeitforgranteditthat想当然地认为)4.动词+it+when(if)-从句。能用于此结构的动词不多.常见的有:enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等。Iwouldappreciateitifyoupaidincash.Ilikeitwhenmymotherishappy.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.五．重要句式补充：1)Itisconvenientforsbtodosth.某人方便做某事。Ifitisconvenienttoyou如果你方便的话。Itwillbeconvenientfor[to]metoseeyouthisevening.今晚去见你，我很方便。2)Whenitcomesto/doingsth.当谈到……WhenitcomestoGerman,Iknownothing.谈到德语，我一窍不通。3)Howdiditcomeaboutthatsb……？某人怎么会……/为什么会……?Howdiditcomeaboutthatyoumadesomanymistakes?Howdiditcomeaboutthathewasdismissed(开除)?4)Itisgenerally/widelyconsidered/recogn