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定语从句定语从句•引入:•翻译下面两句话:•1.我不喜欢懒人。•2.我不喜欢不守信用的人。•Idonotlikelazypeople.•Idonotlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.•People:先行词•Who:关系词•定语从句的两个核心问题:•先行词•关系词•何谓先行词?•被定语从句修饰的对象•位置特点:在定语从句之前•何谓关系词?•Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.•起代词作用•重复指代先行词并在定语从句中充当一定成分•起连接作用•连接主句和从句•练习:•指出定语从句中的先行词和关系词•Angerisathiefwhostealsawaythenicemoments.•Theworldisabook,andthosewhodonottravelreadonlyonepage.•关系词分类两类:•关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose•关系副词:when,where,why关系代词的用法•关系代词在定语从句中能充当哪些成分?•关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语•例外:whose作定语•1.关系代词在定语从句中充当主语•Ilikeguyswhoarenottooseriousandwhohasagoodsenseofhumor.•Iamastudentinthisuniversitywhooftencomestothelibrarytospendmysparetime.•注意:定语从句中谓语动词的单复数是由它的先行词决定的•2.关系代词在定语从句中充当动词的宾语•IwouldliketofindafriendwhoIcantrustcompletely.•Heisthestudentwhotheteacherlikestopraise.•3.关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语•Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.•who充当介词with的宾语•IhaveabosswhoIcantalktoaboutmyproblems.•who充当介词to的宾语•4.关系代词在句中作定语•Iknowafriendwhosebrotherisapopsinger•注意:•作宾语的关系代词可以省略•无论是作动词的宾语还是作介词的宾语•IhaveabosswhoIcantalktoaboutmyproblems.•IwouldliketofindafriendwhoIcantrustcompletely.•练习•判断正误•Theservicesyouofferisquitegood.•SheisthewomanwhosheisteachingmeEnglish.•I’dliketofindafriendthatIcantrusthimcompletely.•关系代词与先行词的对应关系Who,whom先行词只能指“人”which先行词只能指“物”That,whose先行词可指“人”或“物”•1.先行词指人,用who或whom•区别•①who的前面不能与介词搭配使用•Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucanshareeverythingwith.•Iamtalkingaboutfriendswithwhomyoucanshareeverythingwith.•因为who是主格•②whom在定语从句中不能作主语,因为whom是宾格形式•Arichpersonisnotwhohasthemost,butisonewhoneedstheleast.•2.表示人或物的所有关系,用whose•Whose表所有关系,其作用就如同物主代词一样,whose后面接名词•Iknowafriendwhosebrotherisapopsinger•Isitinaclassroomwhosewindowsarebroken.•3.先行词指物,用关系代词which•先行词是一个名词•Angerisawindwhichblowsoutthelampthemind.•先行词是一个短语•Helikesclimbingmountains,whichisagoodexercise.•先行词是一个句子•Hewaslate,whichsurprisedme.•Hetoreupmyphoto,whichupsetme.•4.That既可指人,也可指物•指物时可替换which•指人时可替换who•Toomanypeoplespendmoneywhichtheyhaven’tearnedtobuythingswhichtheydon’twant,toimpresspeoplewhotheydon’tlike.•That不能用在介词后面•Theworldinwhichweliveismadeofmatter.•Theworldinthatweliveismadeofmatter.•That不用再非限制性定语从句中关系副词的用法•When的用法•先行词必须是表时间的名词•When在定语从句中作时间状语•IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImeetyou.•Thedaywhenwestoplearningisthedaywedie.•IwillneverforgetthetimewhichIspentoncampus.•Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthepark•Where的用法•先行词指地点•在从句中作地点状语•ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.•ThisisthetownwhichItoldyoubefore.•Why的用法•Why用来表原因,只引导限制性定语从句,先行词是reason等表示原因的名词•ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn’tcomehere.•限制性定语从句:•用来限制先行词所指的范围•去掉之后,主句的意义不完整•Idon’tlikepeoplewhoareneverontime.•Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.•非限制性定语从句•用来提供附加的而非必要的信息,只对先行词进行补充或说明•若去掉,主句的意思依然明确•Mymother,whois50thisyear,liveswithmenow.•我母亲今年50岁,现在和我生活在一起。•Mymotherwhois50thisyearliveswithmenow.•目前和我生活在一起的是今年50岁的那个母亲。•Hehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.•Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.•他有一个在医院工作的女儿•他有一个女儿,在医院工作•Thetaxidriverswhoknewaboutthetrafficjamtookanotherroad.•Thetaxidrivers,whoknewaboutthetrafficjam,tookanotherroad.•知道那里堵车的司机换了另外一条道•司机因为知道那里堵车,他们都换了另外一条道•限定性翻译成。。。的•非限定性翻译成单独的分句•Thepeopleweredesperateforwork,anywork,whichcouldsupporthisfamily.•定语从句和同位语从句的区别•That是否作成分•在定从中要充当成分,在同从中不,仅起连接作用•定从:名词+that+不完整的句子•同从:名词+that+完整的句子•Therumorthathespreadeverywhereturnedouttobeuntrue.•TherumorthatTomwasathiefturnedouttobeuntrue.
本文标题:定语从句
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