八年级下册英语语法笔记

八年级下册英语语法笔记Unit1语法本单元主要学习将来时态的表达1．将来时态：表示将要在将来的时间里发生的动作。主要的时间状语有inthefuture,tomorrow，thedayaftertomorrow,nextday(month,year),in+段时间表示的将来时间，如：intenyears,intwoweeks等.将来时的肯定构成：主语+will+V原+其他IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.将来时的否定构成：主语+will+not(won’t)+V原+其他Iwon’tgotoBeijingtomorrow.将来时的疑问构成：Will+主语+V原+其他？WillyougotoBeijingtomorrow?Yes,Iwill.No,Iwon’t.在英语中也可以用另外一种句子表示将来时肯定构成：主语+begoingto+V原+其他.IamgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.否定构成：主语+begoingto+V原+其他.IamnotgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.疑问构成：Be+主语+goingto+V原+其他?AreyougoingtoBeijing?Yes,IamNo,Iamnot.两者的区别主要是：1）begoingto表示有某种暗示Eg:Itisgoingtorain.(通过看天气或云而判断出来的。)2）begoingto有计划性，有某种打算Iamgoingtobeateacher.除了以上之外，will和begoingto可以通用。2．Therebe句型表示“有”，have也表示“有”，那么“将要有”的表达如下：①Thereisgoingtobe②therewillbe③主语（必须是人做主语）+willhave④主语（必须是人做主语）+begoingtohaveThereisgoingtobeasportsmeetingnextweek.=Therewillbeasportsmeetingnextweek.Iwillhaveanewtoycar.=Iamgoingtohaveatoycar.没有thereisgoingtohave,therewillhave的表达。3.不定代词：表示没有具体指代的人或物。表示物的不定代词everything,something,anything,nothing不定代词表示人的不定代词everybody(everyone),somebody(someone),anybody(anyone),nobody(noone)注意：所有的不定代词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。Everyonestays(stay)athome.4.alittle,little,afew,few的区别及用法alittle一点afew后面必须加不可数名词后面必须加不可数名词little几乎没有alittleeg:Heisnew,sohehasfewfriends.eg:Iamsothirsty,butthereislittlewaterintheglass.little—less—leastfew—fewer—fewest5.free自由的adjIwillbefreetomorrow.免费的adjEverythingisfree,youneedn’ttakemoney.n.freedom自由6.polution污染n.（不可数名词）Thereismuchpollutioninthecity.7.agree:v同意agreewithsb.同意某人Iagreewithyou.agree—disagree=don’tagree在SectionA中必须掌握的短语①therewillbe将要有②inpeople’shomes在人们的家里③studyathomeoncomputers在家通过电脑学习④befree免费⑤livetobe…活到…⑥in100years一百年以后⑦lesspollution更少的污染⑧bigandcrowded大而拥挤⑨moretallbuildings更多的高大建筑物8．alone,lonelyalone,独自一人强调一个人lonely,孤独的；寂寞的强调内心的孤独，寂寞Ilivealone,butIdon’tfeellonely.9.keep:v.饲养Ilikekeepingpets.v.使某人…keep(sb.)doingsthIkeephimwaiting.保持keepsth+adjPleasekeeptheroomclean.Keepquiet.10.can/beableto区别共同点：含义相同能够不同点：can是情态动词，只有一般现在时态和过去时态beableto可用于各种时态，be动词随主语的不同要做相应的变化。Hecanplaysoccer.=Heisabletoplaysoccer.11.need:双重身份的动词1）情态动词+V原Ineedanewbike.2）行为动词needtodosthIneedtobuyanewbike.12.Predictingthefuturecanbedifficult.Predicting在这里是动名词做主语。动名词虽然是名词，但是也具有动词性质，表示动作，但是名词就没有动作性质。predictv预测n.predictionn.预测，预言13．Oneof+名词复数+动词单数+其他….的之一Heisoneofthebeststudents.他是最好的学生之一。14．beusedby被用于….Thebikeisusedbyriding.15．seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事Iseehimplayingsoccer.seesbdosth看见某人做了某事Isawhimplaysoccer.在SectionB中必须掌握的短语①fellinlovewith爱上②asareporter作为一个记者③livingalone独自一人居住④ontheweekend在周末⑤oneday一天⑥WorldCup世界杯⑦forfun为了娱乐⑧fromnow从现在⑨workforsb为某人工作⑩jobinterview工作面试⑾flyto飞向…⑿cometrue实现16.help:helpsbdosth=helpsbwithdoingsth=helpsbwithsthHehelpsmecleantheroom.=Hehelpsmewithcleaningtheroom.17.such\so表示“如此”时的区别sucha\an+adj.+单数名词Heissuchacleverboy.so+adj.+a\an+单数名词=Heissocleveraboy.18.trytrytodosth努力做某事Itrytolistenhimcarefully.trydoing尝试做某事tryone’sbesttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事Itrymybesttohelpher.我尽我最大努力帮助她。19．thesame…..as同…一样Hehasthesamepenasme.(注意same前面的the永远不可以丢掉。)20．makevmakesbdosth使某人做某事Playinggamesmakemebehappy.makesb+adj使某人….=Playinggamesmakemehappy.21.Itis+adjforsb.todosth.对于某人来说做某事是adj.Itisimportantforustobehealthy.Itiseasyforachildtowakeup.22.seem:v.似乎1）seemtodosthHeseemstobewrong.2)Itseems(seemed)that+….Itseemsthatheiswrong.23.overandoveragain再三地Theydosimplejobsoverandoveragain.Unit2语法本单元主要学习表示建议的句子1．should情态动词肯定形式：主语+should+动词原形否定形式：主语+should+not+动词原形疑问形式：Should+主语+动词原形？Yes,主语+should.No,主语+shouldn’t.2.want:wanttodosth.wantsb.todosthwant+n.3.enough:adj.足够的enough+n.或n.+enoughIhaveenoughmoney.=Ihavemoneyenough.adv.足够地adj.+enough(切记enough修饰形容词只能放在后面)Heisoldenough.enough+n.todosth/adj+enoughtodosthEg:Ihaveenoughbookstoread.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.4.arguev.争吵arguewithsb.和某人争吵Healwaysargueswithhisfriends.argueaboutsth争吵某事Theyarearguingaboutthemathtest.n.argumentTheyhadabigargument.5.outofstyle过时的=old-fashionedMyclothesareoutofstyle.不过时的instyle6.What’swrong?怎么了？=What’sthematter?=What’sthetrouble?7.writehimaletter给他写一封信=writealettertohim8.callsbup给某人打电话Pleasecallmeupwhenyouarefree.callsbat+电话号码Pleasecallherat88171858.9.givehimatickettoaballgame给他一张球赛的票注意这里的介词用to,类似的搭配还有:theanswertothequestion,thekeytothedoor.10.surprise:n.惊讶toone’ssurprise使某人惊讶的是Tomysurprise,hepassedthemathtest.insurprise惊讶地Helookedatmeinsurprise.v.surpriseatsth对…感到惊讶Hesurprisedatthetoycar.surprisesb使某人惊讶Idon’twanttosurprisehim.adj.surprising(主语是物)/surprised（主语是人）11．talkaboutsth谈论某事talkto\withsb.和某人谈话12.1)payfor支付；花费（金钱）主语必须是人spend....(in)doingsth2)spend:花费（时间或金钱）主语必须是人spend….onsth3)cost:花费（时间或金钱）主语必须是物4)take:花费（时间或金钱）只能用it做主语，公式是：Ittakes(took)sb.sometime(money)todosth.用口诀记住四个表示“花费”的单词：2人1物1it.①Ipaidtenyuanforthebook.②Ispenttenyuaninbuyingthebook.\Ispenttenyuanonthebook我花10元钱买了这本书。③Thebookcostmetenyuan.④Ittookmetenyuantobuythebook.13.borrowsth.fromsb.从某人借某物（强调主语向里面借）Heborrowedthebookfromhisfriend.lendsthtosb.向某人借某物（强调主语向外面借）Helendedthebooktohisfriend.14.either:也，放在否定句的末尾，用逗号隔开。Hedoesn’thaveanymoney,either.任一的，当either做主语时动词要用单数形式。Eitheroftheanswerisright.15.ask:1)要asksb.forsth.向某人要某物Heaskedhisparent