Lesson-4--The-Trial-That-Rocked-the-World

-----JohnThomasScopes王泽南：Abouttheauthor魏航：Thebackgroundofthearticle彭珊珊：Vocabulary夏欢：Thetheme詹金瑶:Figureofspeech郭雅兴：Paraphrase黄舒静：Translation王泽南AbouttheAuthorAbouttheauthor:JohnThomasScopes(August3,1900–October21,1970)HewasahighschoolscienceteacherinDayton,Tennessee,whowaschargedonMay5,1925forviolatingTennessee'sButlerAct,whichprohibitedtheteachingofevolutioninTennesseeschools.Becauseofteachingevolution,hewasaccusedofbreakingthelaw.Hewasthedefendantinthecase.Asthelastsurvivingprincipalinthistrial,hedecidedtowriteastorydescribingthehighlightsofthetrial.ThenameofJohnScopesbecamesynonymous(密不可分的)withthistrial,whichispopularlyknownasthe“monkeytrial”.（猴子审判）JohnScopesdiedin1979.魏航BackgroundThebackgroundofthearticle:TheScopestrial,alsoknownasthe“MonkeyTrial,”isoneofthemostfamouscourtroomdramasinUnitedStateshistory.ThepressdubbedittheMonkeyTrialbecause,accordingtopopularbelief,evolutionmeantthathumansweredescendedfrommonkeys.CourseThedefensearguedforthescientificvalidityofevolutionandagainsttheconstitutionalityoftheButlerAct,butitdidnotdenythatScopeshadbrokenthelaw.Darrow,incross-examiningBryan,succeededinpointingoutseveralseriousinconsistencies(矛盾)inFundamentalistbelief.ResultsScopeswasconvictedandfined$100,buttheverdictwaslaterreversedontechnicalgroundsbythestatesupremecourt.TheButlerActremainedonthebooksuntil1967.Thetrialwasseenasavictoryforevolution.彭珊珊Vocabularybuzz.(n).[bʌz]:1.soundofrapidvibration嗡嗡声2.thesoundofpeopletalking,especiallyinanexcitedway.叽叽喳喳的谈话声(P1-1)takeone’splace:取代，入席，就座(P1-1)packed(adj):extremelyfullofpeople.异常拥挤的，挤满人的(P1-2)sweltering(adj.):excessivelyhotandhumidormarkedbysweatingandfaintness.闷热的，热的难受的(P1-2)counsel(n.)[‘kaunsəl]:alawyerorgroupoflawyersgivingadviceaboutlegalmattersandrepresentingclientsincourt辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人(P1-3)prosecution(n)[,prɔsi‘kju:ʃən]:theinstitutionandconductoflegalproceedingsagainstadefendantforcriminalbehavior.起诉，检举（P1-4）silver-tongued(adj.):expressingyourselfreadily,clearly,effectively.eloquent,persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的(P1-5)orator(n.)['ɔrətə,'ɔ:-]:askilled，eloquentpublicspeaker雄辩家(P1-5)nominee(n)[,nɔmi'ni:]:apoliticianwhoisrunningforpublicoffice.被任命者，被提名的人(P1-5）fundamentalism(n.):religiousbeliefsbasedonaliteralinterpretationofeverythingintheBibleandregardedasfundamentaltoChristianfaithandmorals原教旨主义(相信《圣经》所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义)(P1-6)testifyonone’sbehalf:=testifyonbehalfofsb:做有利于某人的证明。(P2-11)distinguished:(usedofpersons)standingaboveothersincharacterorattainmentorreputation.著名的，卓著的(P2-11)reassuring(adj)[,ri:ə‘ʃuəriŋ]:restoringconfidenceandrelievinganxiety.令人感到宽慰的；令人放心的(P2-16)clash(n)：anargumentbetweentwopeopleorgroupsofpeoplewhohavedifferentbeliefsandideas.冲突，争论(P3-20)legislature(n.)['ledʒisleitʃə]:abodyofpersonsgiventheresponsibilityandpowertomakelawsforacountryorstate(esp.thelawmakingbodyofastate，correspondingtotheU．S．Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会)(P4-27)squarely(adv):inastraightdirectway.正好(P4-29)legality(n.)[li'ɡæləti]:quality，condition，orinstanceofbeinglegalorlawful,conformitywiththelaw合法性(P8-39)indict(v．):accuse；chargewiththecommissionofacime;esp.makeformalaccusationagainstonthebasisofpositivelegalevidenceusuallysaidoftheactionofagrandjury控告，控诉；指控，告发，对……起诉(P9-40)snowballinto:演变成，成为(P9-41)festoon(v．)[fes'tu:n]:adornorhangwithfestoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩于befestoonedwith被…装饰10-52sprout(v．)[spraut]:growordeveloprapidly迅速生长，迅速发展besproutedwith10-53rickety(adj.)[‘rikəti]:liabletofallorbreakdownbecauseofweak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的10-53evangelist(n.)[i'vændʒəlist]:anyonewhoevangelizes(esp.atravelingpreacherorarevivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者)10-54exhort(v．)[iɡ‘zɔ:t]:urgeearnestlybyadvice，warning，规劝，劝告，劝戒10-55infidel(n)['infidəl]:apersonwhoholdsnoreligiousbelief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者10-56drawup:草拟，起草。draw-drew-drawn10-57florid(adj.):flushedwithredorpink(脸色)红润的11-60paunchy(adj.)[‘pɔ:ntʃi]:(esp.ofaman)havingafatstomach[贬或幽](尤指男性)大腹便便的11-62attorney(n.)[ə‘tə:ni]:．anypersonlegallyempoweredtoactasagentfor.orinbehalfof，another(esp.alawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人11-63shrewd(adj.)[ʃru:d]:keen-witted，clever，astuteorsharpinpracticalaffairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的11-64magnetic(adj.):vpowerfullyattractive(saidofaperson，personality，etc．)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等)11-65steep(v．):immense,saturate,absorborimbue(esp.usedassteepedin.thoroughlyfilledorfamiliarwith)沉浸；埋头于(尤用作steepedin充满着；沉湎于；精通)11-66agnostic(n.):apersonwhobelievesthatthehumanmindcannotknowwhetherthereisaGodoranultimatecause，oranythingbeyondmaterialphenomena；atheist不可知论者11-67growl(v．):complaininanangryorsurlymanner牢骚满腹地说12-73spar(v.):wrangleordispute争论；争吵sparover就。。争论13-74drawl(v．)[drɔ:l]:speakslowly，prolongingthevowels慢慢吞吞地说13-76bigotry(n.)['biɡətri]:thebehavior，attitude，orbeliefsofabigot,intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见13-77rampant(adj.):spreadingunchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的13-77faggot(n.):abundleofsticks，twigs，orbranches(esp.foruseasfuel)柴捆；柴把14-84contaminate(v．)[kən‘tæmɪnet]:makeimpure，infected，corrupt，使感染,传染，毒害becontaminatedby被感染16-91snort(v．):adisrespectfullaugh发哼声19brandish(v)：moveorswingbackandforth挥舞20-102Denounce(v)[di‘nauns]：toaccuseorcondemnoropen