Unit-8-Holocaust英语

►I.TimeAllotment:alltogether3periods►II.TeachingObjectivesandRequirements►ThestudentswilllearnsomethingabouttheHolocaust,NaziPartyandanti-Semitism.►ThestudentswilllearnsomeofthewordsrelatedtothetopicoftextlikeFuhrer，paranoia,onslaught.►Thestudentswillalsolearnhowtopresentideaslogicallyastheauthorofthispassagedid.►FormerprisonersofthelittlecampinBuchenwald布痕瓦尔德（德意志民主共和国市镇）Step1►1.Lead-in►a.WhatarethecausesofHolocaust?►b.WhatisthehistoryofHolocaust?►c.thelifeofHitler►Theyellowbadge(oryellowpatch),alsoreferredtoasaJewishbadgeorJewishStarinGerman,wasaclothpatchthatJewswereorderedtosewontheiroutergarmentsinordertomarkthemasJewsinpublic.Itwasintendedtobeabadgeofshameassociatedwithantisemitism.2.Backgroundinformation►TheHolocaustisthetermgenerallyusedtodescribethegenocide种族灭绝ofapproximatelysixmillionEuropeanJewsduringWorldWarII,aprogrammeofsystematicstate-sponsoredexterminationbyNaziGermany.►SomescholarsmaintainthatthedefinitionoftheHolocaustshouldalsoincludetheNazis‘systematicmurderofmillionsofpeopleinothergroups,includingethnicPoles波兰族,Romani,Sovietcivilians,Sovietprisonersofwar,peoplewithdisabilities,homosexuals,Jehovah’sWitnesses,andotherpoliticalandreligiousopponents.Bythisdefinition,thetotalnumberofHolocaustvictimswouldbebetween11millionand17millionpeople.►耶和华见证会，是1872年由查理罗素(CharlesTazeRussell1852-1916)，在宾夕法尼亚的匹斯堡发起的宗教运动。耶和华见证人、基督复临安息日会、基督教科学会、摩门教，是19世纪早期美国教会大复兴之后在新英格兰诸州产生的新兴宗教。耶和华见证人否认耶稣基督是上帝，否认三位一体，否认耶稣基督曾经死在十字架上，而是宣称耶稣基督死在行刑柱上；他们宣称其他基督教徒都背离了上帝的教导，只有他们才是仅有的耶和华见证人。耶和华见证人要求严守圣经，不庆祝圣诞节和复活节，反对吃血，也反对输血。他们在政治上严守中立，不参战，不接受军训，为此多次受迫害。►Thepersecutionandgenocidewerecarriedoutinstages.LegislationtoremovetheJewsfromcivilsocietywasenactedyearsbeforetheoutbreakofWorldWarII.Concentrationcampswereestablishedinwhichinmates囚犯wereusedasslavelaboruntiltheydiedofexhaustionordisease.WheretheThirdReichconquerednewterritoryineasternEurope,specializedunitscalledEinsatzgruppen党卫队murderedJewsandpoliticalopponentsinmassshootings.JewsandRomaniwereconfinedinovercrowdedghettos犹太社区beforebeingtransportedbyfreighttraintoexterminationcampswhere,iftheysurvivedthejourney,themajorityofthemweresystematicallykilledingaschambers.EveryarmofNaziGermany'sbureaucracywasinvolvedinthelogisticsofthemassmurder,turningthecountryintowhatoneHolocaustscholarhascalledagenocidalstate.Origin►YehudaBauer,RaulHilbergandLucyDawidowiczmaintainedthatfromtheMiddleAgesonward,Germansocietyandculturewerefullwithanti-Semitismandtherewasadirectlinkfrommedievalpogroms大屠杀totheNazideathcampsofthe1940s.HansKünghaswrittenthatNazianti-Judaismwastheworkofgodless,anti-Christiancriminals.Butitwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthealmosttwothousandyears'pre-historyof'Christian'anti-Judaism...TheNaziPartyunderAdolfHitlercametopowerinGermanyonJanuary30,1933,andthepersecutionandexodusofGermany's525,000Jewsbeganalmostimmediately.InMeinKampf(1925),HitlerhadbeenopenabouthishatredofJews,andgaveamplewarningofhisintentiontodrivethemfromGermany'spolitical,intellectual,andculturallife.Hedidnotwritethathewouldattempttoexterminatethem,butheisreportedtohavebeenmoreexplicitinprivate.Legalrepressionandemigration►Throughoutthe1930s,thelegal,economic,andsocialrightsofJewsweresteadilyrestricted.Inlegallydefining“whoisJew”,theNazisconsideredanyoneofJewishdescent,eventhedescendentsofconverts改变宗教信仰者whoconvertedfromJudaismafterJanuary18,1871,(thefoundingoftheGermanEmpire)werestillconsideredJews.Friedländerwritesthat,fortheNazis,GermanydrewitsstrengthforitspurityofbloodanditsrootednessinthesacredGermanearth.►In1933,aseriesoflawswerepassedwhichcontained“Aryan雅利安语系paragraphs”toexcludeJewsfromkeyareas:theLawfortheRestorationoftheProfessionalCivilService;thephysicians‘law;andthefarmlaw,forbiddingJewsfromowningfarmsortakingpartinagriculture.Jewishlawyersweredisbarred,andinDresden,Jewishlawyersandjudgesweredraggedoutoftheirofficesandcourtrooms,andbeaten.►In1935,HitlerintroducedtheNurembergLaws,which:prohibitedJewsfrommarryingAryans,annulled取消existingmarriagesbetweenJewsandAryans(theLawfortheprotectionofGermanbloodandGermanhonor,)prohibitedJewsfromservingascivilservants,strippedGermanJewsoftheircitizenshipanddeprivedthemofallcivilrights.Inhisspeechintroducingthelaws,HitlersaidthatiftheJewishproblemcannotbesolvedbytheselaws,itmustthenbehandedoverbylawtotheNational-SocialistPartyforafinalsolution(Endlösung).TheexpressionEndlösungbecamethestandardNazieuphemismfortheexterminationoftheJews.►Jewishintellectualswereamongthefirsttoleave.ThephilosopherWalterBenjaminleftforParisonMarch18,1933.NovelistLeonFeuchtwangerwenttoSwitzerland.Theconductor乐队指挥BrunoWalterfledafterbeingtoldthatthehalloftheBerlinPhilharmonicwouldbeburneddownifheconductedaconcertthere:theFrankfurterZeitungexplainedonApril6thatWalterandfellowconductorOttoKlempererhadbeenforcedtofleebecausethegovernmentwasunabletoprotectthemagainstthe“mood”oftheGermanpublic,whichhadbeenprovokedby“Jewishartisticliquidators清算人.AlbertEinsteinwasvisitingtheU.S.onJanuary30,1933.HereturnedtoOstendeinBelgium,nevertosetfootinGermanyagain,and