被动语态知识点及练习题

及思教育学科资料咨询热线：0594-25225201被动语态复习“三步曲”被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构被动语态由助动词+及物动词的过去分词构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如:Englishisusedallovertheworld.2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如:Thepicturewaspaintedtwoyearsago.3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如:Theflowersarebeingwateredbythemnow.4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如:Theroomhasbeencleaned.5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/begoingto+be+done如:Theworkwillbefinishedtomorrow.6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Yourhomeworkmustbehandedintoday.7.过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+being+done其它几种特殊句型：Itissaidthat……..Itiswellknownthat…….Itisreportedthat……..havesthdone第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式;3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。请看示范:主动语态:Mybrotherrepairedthatbikeyesterday.主语谓语动词宾语其余部分被动语态:Thatbikewasrepaired(bymybrother)yesterday.主语谓语动词by+宾语其余部分对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的。第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型1.含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:takecareof,lookafter,takeoff,lookat,sendfor,lookup等。如:Theoldpeopleshouldbetakengoodcareof.2.含有双宾语的动词的被动语态及思教育学科资料咨询热线：0594-25225202含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。如:Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenanewbook(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(间接宾语作了主语)Anewbookwasgiventome(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(直接宾语作了主语)3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态带有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有make,let,see,hear,watch等。如:WefindEnglishveryuseful.→Englishisfoundveryuseful.宾语宾补Ioftenhearhimsinginhisroom.→Heisoftenheardtosinginhisroom.宾语宾补4.有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这类动词有:wash,sell,smell,taste,sound,feel等。如:Thebookssellwell.Thefoodtastesgood.以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现,同学们在碰到类似题目时,应首先分析属于哪种情况,然后再根据掌握的知识来做题。5.关于“get+过去分词”在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。如：Igotdressedasquicklyaslcould.我尽快穿上衣服。Iwasn’tsurprisedshegetelectedafteralltheeffortsshemade.她尽了一切力量之后，当选了，这不使我感到奇怪。Wegotdelayedbecauseoftheholidaytraffic.因为节日交通阻塞，所以我们被耽误了。ItriedtofindmywayroundLondonwithoutamapandgotlost.我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路，结果迷路了。类似搭配有：getarrested,getcaught,getconfused,getdelayed,getdivorced,getdressed,getdrowned,getdrunk,getelected,getengaged,gethit,getkilled,getlost,getmarried,getstuck等。四．特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。1).give/pass/show与介词to搭配。givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.2).buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsbHegavemeabookI____________abookbyhim.Abook_____________mebyhim.Mymothermademeacake.及思教育学科资料咨询热线：0594-25225203I_________acakebymymotherAcake____________mebymymother.2.带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+dosth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth----sb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时doing不变。IheardTomsingingjustnowTom_______________bymejustnow.4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_____________________.五．注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last（持续）,have,own…..belongto,suit…fine,cost，suffer，hold（容纳），fit2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….Thedishtastesgood.4.有些及物动词做不及物动词用，特别是后面加副词well，easily等等，主动语态含有被动含义有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewell，wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，recordThiskindofskirtsellswell.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.类似词有require，deserve，bearAllthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneed_______________.6.在too…to…及enoughto…结构中有时表示被动意义。Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.被动语态专项练习一、选择题（2×15=30分）()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?及思教育学科资料咨询热线：0594-25225204A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()14.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()15.Ourteacher______carefull