2008年考研英语一真题答案解析

2008年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语第一部分USEOFENGLISHSectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybeintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,hutexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,9_12-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20stateofaffairs.1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]Pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk7.[A]advise[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile15.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administrating[D]valuing17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuous文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。文章首段主题句叙述到Theideathatsomepeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.一些人比另一些人聪明，这一观点一直是人们不敢明确提出来的假设。本文的中心思想为一些人比另一些人聪明的现象以及原因。本文的中心思想为一些人比另一些人聪明的现象以及原因。本文的中心思想为一些人比另一些人聪明的现象以及原因。题目解析：Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybeintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]Pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against1．语意辨析题本题目选择动词过去分词形式，构成be…to的结构，在句子中充当谓语。句子叙述到ButGregoryCochran,(anotedscientificiconoclast),is…tosayitanyway.“但是GregoryCochran…无论如何也要说出来。”选项A.selected选择；B.prepared准备；C.obliged被迫；D.pleased高兴。不难发现，选项A.selected选择，“但是GregoryCochran选择无论如何也要说出来”，符合句子含义；选项B.prepared准备，“但是GregoryCochran准备无论如何也要说出来”，符合句子含义；选项C.obliged被迫，“但是GregoryCochran被迫无论如何也要说出来”，符合句子含义；选项D.pleased高兴，“但是GregoryCochran高兴无论如何也要说出来”，符合句子含义。在句子中四个选项似乎都合理，确定该题目为语意辨析题。前边相邻句子叙述到Theideathatsomepeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.“一些人比另一些人聪明，这一观点一直是人们不敢明确提出来的假设。”因此，确定本句子表示准备说出来。因此，正确答案为B。2.词汇辨析题本题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语。句子叙述到Heisthat___bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently____anyinstitution.“他是…的科学家，他的观点与其他科学家…。”选项A.unique独一无二的；B.particular特殊的，特别的；C.special特殊的；D.rare珍惜的。不难发现，修饰“bird鸟类”答案为rear，rearbirds珍惜鸟类，引申为少之又少的人。3.选择A词汇辨析题本题目选择介词，构成work…短语，在句子中充当谓语，句子叙述到Heisthatrarebird,ascientistwhoworksindependently____anyinstitution.“他就是极少数的科学家，在所有科学家团体…他的观点是与众不同的。”选项A.of在…范围之内；B.with与…一起；C.in在…之中；D.against与…相对。不难发现，前面单句表明他是少之又少的人，该句是表明不与他人为伍。同时，anyinstitution任何流派也包含着作者。因此，正确答案为A，他就是极少数的科学家，在所有科学家团体中他的观点是独立的、与众不同的。Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately4.词汇辨析题本题目选择副词，在句子中充当状语。句子叙述到Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot____thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whichruffledmanyscientificfeatherswhenitwasfirstsuggested.“他普及了一种观点，即某些…没有被认为是由细菌引起的疾病实际上是感染，这一观点一经提出就引起了极大争议。”选项A.subsequently随后的；B.presently当前的；C.previously先前的；D.lately后来。不难发现，为了于本句子中的“actually，实际上”相互呼应，要体现时间上的先后交替关系。选项A.subsequently随后的，“即某些随后没有被认为是由细菌引起的疾病实际上是感染”，时间逻辑混乱，不符合句子含义；选项B.presently当前的，“即某些当前没有被认为是由细菌引起的疾病实际上是感染”，时间逻辑混乱，不符合句子含义；选项C.previously先前的，“即某些以前没有被认为是由细菌引起的疾病实际上是感染”，时间逻辑合理，符合句子含义；选项D.lately后来，“即某些后来没有被认为是由细菌引起的疾病实际上是感染”，时间逻辑混乱，不符合句子含义。因此，正确答案为C。5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[