complex-sentence

LOGOComplexSentenceLOGOComplexSentencenominalclauseattributiveclause(relativeclause)adverbialclauseLOGOnominalclauseItisquiteclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.Whatcausedthefireisstillamystery.Ican’timaginewhatmadehimbehavelikethat.Youmustgivebacktowhoeveritbelongsto.I'mafraidthatI'vemadeamistake.Themysteryiswhetherheeverwentthereatall.Myoriginalquestion,whyhedidit,hasnotyetbeenanswered.Theyhadtofacethefactthatthenearestfillingstationis30milesaway.LOGOthedefinitionofnominalclauseNominalclauses,alsoknownasnounclauses.canperformmostfunctionsofanounphrase.Thiskindofclauseisusuallyintroducedbythatorbyawh-wordsuchaswho,what,which,where,when,how,why,whether,etc.Inthecomplexsentence,nominalclausescanfunctionassubject,object,andappositive.LOGOtheclassificationofnominalclauses1.Subjectclause2.Objectclause3.Predicativeclause4.AppositiveclauseLOGO1.Subjectclause(主语从句)Thathesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.Whethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.Whowillbeinvitedremainsunknown.It'sdoubtfulwhether/ifheiscoming.Whatcanbeassubjectclauseincomplexsentences?declarativesentencegeneralquestionspecialquestionIt做形式主语(formal/anticipatorysubject)LOGO关联词（connective/conjunction）1)declarativesentence（that）(不可省）Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.that(在从句中不承担成分，引导完整的句子）LOGO2)generalquestion（yes/noquestion)（whether）Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.Itisdoubtfulif/whetherheiscoming.(if不能位于句首）whether/if在从句中不承担成分，但有含义，译为“是否”。(if不放在句首）LOGO3）specialquestion（Wh-questions）（who,when,where,why,whom,what...)Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.Whatweneedistime.who,when,where,why,whom,what...在主语从句中承担一定的成分。LOGO4)It做形式主语1）Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.2）Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.3）Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.4）Itissuggestedthattheworkbedonewithgreatcare.LOGO主语从句考点1.连词的含义与选择that(在从句中不承担成分，引导完整的句子，不可省）whether/if(if不放在句首）where/when/what/who/whom/whatever/whenever...2.It'sdoubtfulwhether/ifheiscoming.It'snotdoubtfulthat...3.It做形式主语。Itis...that...Itisessentialthattheprogrambeloadedintothecomputer.LOGOIt'sessentialthatWilliamhisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.(TEM4,2007)A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continuesIt'sessentialthatheallthefactsfirst.(TEM4,2014)A.isexaminingB.willexamineC.examinesD.examine表观点的形容词要用虚拟语气,如：necessary，important，impossible，urgent,essential,appropriate,insistent,obligatory,vital,advisable,preferable,imperative,funny，right，wrong，better等,结构为：Itis.......that+s.+do.LOGOItisamazingthatheshouldhavelearntsomuchinsuchashorttime。ItisapitythatHenryshouldbesocareless.Itisamazing+thats.shoulddo.(strange,surprising,astonishing,annoying,irritable,upsetting,embarrassing,disappointing,apity,ashame,etc.)LOGO练习1.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedisasubjectclause?A.Wearequitecertainthatwewillgetthereintime.B.Hehastofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrisethisyear.C.Shesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatmorning.D.Itissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveafterdays.LOGO2.decidestorunforpresidentmustfileafinancialstatementwiththeFederalElectionCommission.A.WhicheverB.WhomeverC.WhoeverD.WhateverLOGO2.ObjectClauseEverybodyknows(that)moneydoesn'tgrowontrees.Pleasegoandfindoutwhenthetrainwillarrive.Idon'tthink(that)heisright.I'mdelightedthatyougetgoodgradesinschool.Iaminterestedinwhatsheisdoing.Iwascuriousastowhatwewoulddonext.HeaskedwhetherIwantedtogobyairorbysea.Iwonderifheismistaken.Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tpaythemoney.(notwhether)LOGOobjectclause（宾语从句）从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。that(在从句中不承担成分，引导完整的句子）whether/ifwhere/when/what/who/whom/whatever/whenever...LOGO宾语从句考点：1.连词的含义2.doubt后的宾语从句的连词Doyoudoubtthat...?Idon'tdoubtthat...?3.it作形式宾语(句子的成分）Hehasmadeitclearthathewon'tagreetheplan.Itookitforgrantedthatheishonest.LOGO宾语从句考点4.在command,request,desire,decide,promise,arrange,ask,order,propose(要求）；move,recommend,advise,intend,resolve,argue,prefer,urge,advocate,agree等表示要求、建议、命令、意念动词后的宾语从句都用虚拟语气：谓语动词原形或should+do，should可以省略。eg：Hedeterminedthatshegoatonce.Theworkersdemandedthattheirwagesberaisedby10percent.LOGOObjectClause1.Theteamcanhandlewhatever.A.thatneedshandlingB.whichneedshandlingC.itneedshandlingD.needstobehandled2.Idon'tdoubtthecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.WhenThere’snodoubtthecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.Doyoudoubtthecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.3.Qualityiscountsmost.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whereLOGO4.Thegovernmenthaspromisedtodoliesinitspowertoceasethehardshipsofthevictimsintheflood-strickenarea.(TEM4,2004)A.howeverB.whicheverC.whateverD.wherever5.Afterseemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager'soffice.(TEM4,2004)A.thatB.thereC.whatD.it6.Theresearchteamcanhandleneedstobehandled.(TEM2014)A.wheneverB.whicheverC.whereverD.whateverLOGO3.PredicativeClauseWhatthepolicewanttoknowiswhenyouenteredtheroom.Thisiswhereyouaremistaken.That'swhyIleftearly.Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthtrying.(notif)Thequestioniswhocancompletethedifficulttask.LOGO3.PredicativeClause表语从句的引