初中初三语法点英语定语从句课件

Karen定语从句概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句1.Themanisafarmer.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisafarmer.Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when定语从句的用法:当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语Whom作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.下列情况只能用that1.当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。eg.TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.2.当先行词是指物的little,few,much,any,all,anything,something,nothing,none,theone,everything,等不定代词时。eg.EverythingwesawinthefilmwasOK.eg.AllthatIcandohasbeendone.3.当先行词被all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时eg.Ihaveeatenallthefoodthatisleft.4.当先行词是Therebe句型中的主语且指物时。eg.Thereislittleworkthatisfitforyou.没有什么工作适合你做。5.当先行词同时包括人或物时。eg.Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweareinterestedin.我们常常谈论我们感兴趣的人或事。6.当主句是who或which时。eg.Whoisthegirlthathasblacklonghair?eg.Whichisthepenthatyoubought?7.当先行词作主句的表语时。eg.Chinaisnotthecountrythatusedto.中国不再是过去那样的国家。eg.It’sasunnydaythatwearelongingfor.这就是我们所渴望的晴天。8.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。eg.ThisistheverybeautifulgirlthatI’mlookingfor.这正是我一直在寻找的漂亮女孩.eg.That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.eg.YouarethelastpersonthatImeethere.你是我在这儿遇见的最后一个人。1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.•修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分•使用that的情况：•1、当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。•eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?•2、当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。•eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.•3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。•eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.•ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.•4、当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。•eg.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.•5、当先行词又有人又有物时。•eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.•只能使用which的情况。•1、非限制性定语从句中。•eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.•2、在介词之后。•eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.•3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。•eg.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.•修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。•当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。•eg.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?•在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who或者whom。•eg.Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.•Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.•关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。•eg.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishsoundsverybeautiful.•Maryhasaverygooddog,whosehairturnsoutwhiteandblack.•关系副词when,where,why的用法以及与关系代词的区分。•关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。•eg.Iwon’tforgetthetimewhenIgotmarried.•Haveyoustillrememberthedayswhenwestayedtogether?•Thisistheplacewherewehadagoodtime.•IsthisthehousewhereMrSmithlives?•Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewon’tjoinus.•Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometosweeptheclassroom?•关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：•Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.•Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.•Shewon’tforgetthedaysthatshespentontheisland.•Shewon’tforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether.•That’sthedatewhenwewenttothecollege.•That’sthedatethatshewon’tforgetforever.•Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether.•Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether.•关系副词when,where,why和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。•eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.•2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.•3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.•4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.•Exercises:•Fillintheblankswithappropriaterelativepronounsandadverbs.•1.Isthistheroom____youcleanedlasttime?•2.Isthistheroom____welivedbefore?•3.Thisisthegarden____theystayedforanight.•4.Thisisthegarden____theyvisitedlasttime.•5.Tomhasforgottentheday____helefthishome.•6.Tomhasforgottentheday____Itoldhimlastday.•7.Shestillrememberstheyear____shefoundherfirstjob.•8.Shestillrememberstheyear____shespentinJining.thatwherewherethatwhen