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名词名词的数:不可数名词/可数名词不可数名词:前不可用a/an,无复数形式。常见的词有bread,music,weather,money,paper,advice,medicine等,常与piece/bit/cup/pair等量词搭配。A.用容器表示量acupofcoffee一杯咖啡ajarofjam一罐果酱apieceofnews一条新闻twopiecesofbread两片面包sixcupsoftea六杯茶用lotsof,alotof,aplentyof,much,some,little,alittle等表示多少alittlebutterleft-几乎没有奶油剩下havemuchmoneytotravel-有许多钱去旅游alotofmoney–很多钱somewater-一些水注:可数名词表复数也可用---afew,few,many,plentyof,some,lotsof/alotof可数名词单数:前加a/an(an加在元音开头的名词前)复数:规则变化:1.一般情况词尾+s2.以s/x/sh/ch结尾词尾+es3.以f/fe结尾,f/fe变v+es例外4.以o结尾词尾+es/s例5.以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+es6.以元音字母+y结尾直接+s7.以th结尾+s有时不用变直接+sbelief-beliefs/bi’li:fs/信仰chief-chiefs/tfi:fs/领导人roof-roofs/ru:fs/屋顶safe-safes/seifs/保险箱Negro-Negroes黑人hero-heroes英雄tomato-tomatoes西红柿potato-potatoes土豆zoo-zoos动物园photo-photos照片piano-pianos钢琴radio-radios收音机bamboo-bamboos竹子特殊fish“鱼”,可数,指“种类”-fishes,指“条数”不变;“鱼肉”,不可数。glass“玻璃”,不可数;“玻璃杯”、“眼镜”,可数-glassesorange“橘子”,可数;“橘子汁、橙色”,不可数。room“房间”,可数;“地方、空间”,不可数。chicken“小鸡”,可数;“鸡肉”,不可数。可数名词不规则变化:元音变化:foot-feetgoose-geesetooth-teeth牙man-menwoman-womenmouse-mice鼠单复数不变:ChineseJapanesedeer(鹿)sheep只有复数形式:clothescompasses(圆规)glasses(眼镜)pants(裤子)scissors(剪子)trousers词尾变化:child-children名词所有格有生命的所有格:⑴单数词尾+’s,复数词尾有s+’、无s+’sTom’sbookwomen’scapsstudents’bags⑵几个人共有某物时,最后一个人的名字后+’s;各自所有时名字后分别+’sTomandMike’sroom/Tom’sandMike’sroom⑶为避免重复,所有格修饰的词有时可以省略×OurroomisbiggerthanMike’sroom.√OurroomisbiggerthanMike’s无生命的所有格结构:名词+of+名词thelegsofthetable桌子腿thesubjectofthesentence句子的主语有些表示时间、天气、国家、城市或团体的名词也可以+’s表示其所有关系onemonth’svacation一个月的假期tenminutes’walk十分钟的步行路程有时’s结构可以转换of结构,用来表示带有赞赏、厌恶等感情色彩thegirl’sslirt=theskirtofthegirl练习题1.Chouldyoumoveoveralittleandmakesome___forme?A.placeB.seatC.roomD.ground2.Thenewbookshelfis___.A.Kate’sandMary’sB.Kate’sandMaryC.KateandMary’sD.KatesandMary3.-Whatareyouwearingattheparty,Mary?-My____.A.jeansB.desksC.booksD.Pets4.-Youlookworried.What’syour____?-IhavetroublelearningEnglish.A.nameB.questionC.problemD.job5.Look!Herearesome___ofthose___.A.photos;sheepB.photos;sheepsC.photoes;sheepD.photoes;sheeps6.___aregoingtocometomyhometonightwhentheyarefree.A.Mybrother’stwofriendB.MybrotheroftwofriendsC.Twomybrother’sfriendD.Twofriendsofmybrother冠词不定冠词:1.a/an的区别a用在以辅音开头的单词之前,an用在以元音开头的单词前。aboyaEuropeancountryauniversityanhouranumbrellaanisland2.泛指某人、某物,只说明大体情况,用在可数名词单数前,3.用在hundred,thousand,million等词前时,相当于one,意为“一”。用于一些固定短语中haveacold(感冒),haveadrink(喝点儿什么)haveafever(发烧),haveashower(洗澡),havealook(at)(看一看),havearest(休息下),haveagoodtime(过的愉快),haveatalk(谈话),haveanicetrip(旅途愉快),haveaswim(游泳),haveanargument(争论),givealesson(教课),ina/oneword(总之/一句话),manyatime(许多次),takeavacation(休假),have/takeawalk(散步),haveawordwithsb(和某人谈话)haveaheadache/toothache/stomachache…(头疼、牙疼、肚子疼……)定冠词特指某人或某物,常用在带有定语的名词前。也可以表示上文提到过的或谈话双方明确的人或物。用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位等名词前son,moon,earth,universe,world,east,west,south,north,left,right用在序数词、形容词最高级及only所修饰的名词前。theSecondWorldWar,thebestseason,theonlystudent用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛等地理专有名词前。theNorthChinaPlain华北平原theRedSea红海.用在集体名词、物质名词以及某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城theUnitedNations/theU.N.联合国thePeople’sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国用姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。TheZhangswerehavingdinnerwhenIcamein.(张氏一家)用在乐器名词前。playthepiano,playtheflute吹笛子playtheguitar弹吉他和某些形容词连用表示这一类人或事物。(谓语动词一般用复数)theblind盲人thedeaf聋人thepoor穷人therich富人theold老人theyoung年轻人不用冠词的情况表示三餐、球类、棋类、运动的名词前。专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词,这些词还包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节、国名等。注:在民间节日前,即以festival组成的节日名称前+the.表示泛指的不可数名词或可数名词复数前。表示语言、学科的名词前。一些固定短语中onduty,onfoot,infact,insilence,bybus/train,atnight,atfirst…练习1.Peopleliketoseethefilmson__TVinsteadofgoingto___cinema.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/2.IntheU.S.,Father’sDayfallson___thirdSundayin___June.A.the;/B.the;aC./;theD.a;/3.InNanjing,westayedataverynicehotel,ButIcan’tremember___nameofit.A.theB.aC.anD./4.Mr.Blackwillcomebackin___hourand___half.A.an;aB.an;theC.a;aD.an;an5.DoesMissLigotoworkby___busoron___foot?A.the;/B.a;/C.an;theD./;/6.March8is____Women’sDay.A./B.theC.aD.an7.YaoMing,___NBAstar,plays___basketballverywell.A.an;/B.a;/C.an;theD.a;the
本文标题:初中英语语法二-名词、冠词
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