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滚动轴承应力计算及其对轴承寿命、失效的影响研究摘要滚动轴承是应用极为广泛的重要机械基础件。无论是飞机、汽车、船舶、机床,还是家用电器、IT、OA机器等,凡是有旋转的地方,都离不开轴承。所以,有人把轴承称为工业的粮食。在实际的轴承应用过程中,有很大一部分轴承的失效是故障失效,即非正常失效。导致轴承失效的原因有很多,其中由不适当的轴承安装调整方法所造成的轴承失效比例占整体失效比例的很大一部分,因此本文对轴承安装造成的应力进行计算分析。通过分析表明在轴承的过盈配合安装中,会在轴承的内圈与轴的接触表面、外圈与轴承座的接触表面和外圈沟道处产生很大的应力,不正确安装方法的会使这些表面的应力过大或者过小,使轴承在配合过程中发生蠕动或者胀裂,从而使轴承过早的失效。所以,必须选用正确的安装方法。在滚动轴承安装前,必须对轴、轴承和轴承座都进行检修,对使用过的轴、轴承座,更应该做全面的精度检验,不合要求的零件要给予修复和更换。在安装过程中,要采用正确的安装方法。一般滚动轴承的安装方法,根据轴承的结构、尺寸大小和与之配合的性质可分为圆柱孔轴承的安装和圆锥孔轴承的安装。关键词:滚动轴承,安装,应力,寿命,失效ROLLINGBEARINGSTRESSCALCULATIONANDTHEIMPACTSTUDYOFBEARINGLIFEANDFAILUREABSTRACTRollingbearingistheextremelywiderangeofimportantmechanicalbasis.Whetheritisaircraft,Automobiles,ships,machinetools,orhouseholdappliances,theIT,OAmachine,anyrotationoftheplacecannotbeseparatedfromthebearing.Therefore,somepeoplethinkthatthebearingsaretheindustrialfood.Inthebearingapplicationprocess,alargepartofthebearingfailureisthefaultfailure,thatisnon-normalfailure.Resultingbearingfailureformanyreasons,amongthem,alargepartofthefailureiscausedbytheincorrectbearinginstallationmethod,therefore,thispapercalculateandanalyzethestressofbearinginstallation.Throughtheanalysisshowsthatinthebearinginterferencewiththeinstallation,Willgenerateabigstressinthebearinginnerringandshaftcontactsurfaces,theouterringandthebearingblockcontactsurfaceandtheouterchannel.Incorrectinstallationmethodsmakethesesurfacestressistoolargeortoosmall,Leadtobearingcreepingorsplittinginthematchingprocess,sothatthebearingfailureprematurely.Therefore,wemustchoosethecorrectinstallationmethod.Inthepre-installationoftherollingbearing,wemustrepairtheshaftandbearing.Particularlytheusedshaft,bearingwemustdoacompleteoverhaul,forthosenon-conformingpartsmustgivetherepairandreplacement.Duringtheinstallationprocess,wemustadoptthecorrectinstallationmethod.Generalrollingbearinginstallationmethod,accordingtothebearingstructure,thesizeandmatchpropertiescanbedividedintothetaperedborebearingmountingandtaperedborebearingmounting.KEYWORDS:Rollingbearing,Installation,Stress,Life,Failure目录前言................................................................................................................1第1章绪论.......................................................................................................2§1.1研究课题的提出...........................................2§1.2研究课题的意义...........................................2§1.3国内外同类研究的现状.....................................2第2章轴承安装引起的应力与变形.................................................................4§2.1内外压力引起的圆环应力...................................4§2.1.1基础方程式............................................4§2.1.2压力引起的圆环应力....................................7§2.1.3圆环直径的位移........................................8§2.2配合压力..................................................8§2.2.1配对圆环的压力........................................9§2.2.2内圈的配合压力.......................................10§2.2.3外圈的配合压力.......................................12§2.3沟底直径的变化..........................................13§2.3.1内圈沟道的膨胀.......................................13§2.3.2外圈沟道的膨胀.......................................15§2.4套圈内产生的应力........................................16§2.4.1内圈应力.............................................16§2.4.2外圈应力.............................................17§2.5当量沟底直径............................................18§2.5.1根据均值法计算当量沟底直径...........................20§2.5.2根据绝对平均法计算当量沟底直径.......................22§2.5.3当量沟底直径计算方法的总结及在轴承中的应用...........24§2.6必要的过盈量............................................25§2.6.1载荷引起的过盈量减小.................................25§2.6.2温差引起的过盈量减小.................................26§2.6.3表面粗糙度引起的过盈量的减小.........................27§2.6.4必要的过盈量和极限值.................................27§2.76206深沟球轴承计算实例................................27第3章滚动轴承安装应力对轴承寿命、失效的影响....................................30§3.1滚动轴承安装时过盈配合的必要性...........................30§3.2安装应力对轴承寿命、失效的影响..........................30§3.2.1内圈的安装应力对轴承的寿命、失效的影响...............30§3.2.2外圈的安装应力对轴承的寿命、失效的影响...............31第4章滚动轴承正确的安装方法..................................................................32§4.1安装轴承前的准备工作....................................32§4.1.1轴承安装前的检修.....................................32§4.1.2安装环境的准备.......................................33§4.1.3安装前的清洗工作.....................................33§4.2滚动轴承的安装..........................................34§4.2.1圆柱孔轴承的安装.....................................35§4.2.2圆锥孔轴承的安装.....................................35结论..............................................................................................................36参考文献...........................................................................................................37致谢..............................................................................................................381前言滚动轴承是应用极为广泛的重要机械基础件。无论是飞机、汽车、船舶、机床,还是家用电器、IT、OA机器等,凡是有旋转的地方,都离不开轴承。所以,有人把轴承称为工业的粮食。然而在实际的轴承应用过程中,有很大一部分轴承的失效是故障失效1,即非正常失效。导致轴承失效的原因有很多,其中由不适当的轴承安装调整方法所造成的轴承失效比例占整体失效比例的很大一部分。因此要对轴承的安装应力进行计算,进而分析其对轴承寿
本文标题:滚动轴承应力计算-毕业设计(论文)
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