80模块1 句子成分和定语从句

句子成分ComponentsofaSentence英语的基本成分有七种：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________和_________________________主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)补语（complement）。Componentsofasentence英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）Basicsentencepatterns/structures基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）1.Thesun│rose.2.Who│cares?3.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.4.They│talkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepen│writessmoothlyＳ│Vi（不及物动词）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ（表语）1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner│smells│good.3.He│fell│inlove.4.Everything│looks│different.5.He│isgrowing│tallandstrong.6.Ourwell│hasgone│dry.7.Hisface│turned│red.基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）系动词分两类：be,look,keep,seem等，表情况；get,grow,become,turn等属另一类，表变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作连系动词：lookwell/面色好,soundnice/听起来不错,feelgood/感觉好，smellbad/难闻基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.4.He│said│Goodmorning.5.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ｏ（多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.2.He│brought│you│adictionary.3.I│showed│him│mypictures.基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，eg：give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。Givemeacupofteaplease.ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.Bringittome,please.Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ｏ（多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）1.I│told│him│thatthebuswaslate.2.He│showed│me│howtorunthemachine.Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.名词/代词宾格+n./adj./介词短语/动词不定式/分词基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。a，ＳＶb，ＳＶＰc，ＳＶＯd，ＳＶｏＯe，ＳＶＯＣ1，Pleastellusastory._______2,Shesmiled.______3.Ihavealotworktodo._____4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____5.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____6.Pleaselookatthepicture._____daebec但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（adj./adv./num.数词）短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.一、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，译为‘‘……的’’定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。复合不定代词（something/nothing）之后；不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成分后；副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。Twoboysneedtwopens.HisnameisTom.TheboyinblueisTom.Theboythereneedsapen.Theboyneedsaballpen.Thereisnothingtodotoday.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.TheboyyouwillknowisTom.二、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等--Theboyneedsapennow.--Theboyneedsapenverymuch.可用作状语的有副词,不定式，分词，介词短语，从句等。一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.(二)挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.(五)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.Howtomodifyanoun1.anenjoyableexperience2.therulesoftheschool3.thecakethatImadeanadjectiveaprepositionalphraseanattributiveclause翻译方法：…的Tryingtofindout•Readthefollowingsentencesfromthetext.Trytofindoutwhattheymeanandwhat’sspecialabouttheirstructure.1.IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.2.MissBurkewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishLiterature.3.AllmyclassmatesenjoyedthecakethatImade.Introduceattributiveclauses•TheyallenjoyedthecakethatImade.•Anattributiveclause:•theclausethatmodifiesanounorapronoun(tellswhichpersonorthingthespeakermeans)•Anantecedent:•thenoun/pronounanattributiveclausemodifies•Arelativepronoun:thepronounthatjoinstheantecedentandtheattributiveclause•(定语从句,先行词,关系代词)（）Readandfindout•ReadthearticleonP9.•Underlinetheattributiveclausesyoufindinthearticle.•1.In2004,hewenttoOxfordUniversitywherehebecomeinterestedinChineseculture.2.SomeofthecitiesinChinawhichlikesmostareBeijing,ShanghaiandNanjing.3.Mostofthestudentsthathetaughthavebecomehisfriend.4.SomeofthebooksweregiftsthathegotfromhisChinesefriends.5.ThepaintingsthatDaviddonatedtotheschoolarebeingdisplayed.Whenwetalkaboutpeople…•Weusewho/thatinanattributiveclauseinsteadofhe/she/theyandwho/whom/thatinsteadofhim/her/themTheman–helivesnextdoor–isfriendly.Themanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisfriendly.Idon’tknowthenameoftheteacher–Isawhiminthesciencelab.Idon’tknowthenameoftheteacherwhom/who/thatIsawinthelab.Whenwetalkaboutthings…•Weusethatorwhichinanattributiveclauseinsteadofit/they/themThecups–theywerebroken-hurthisfeet.Thecupsthat/whichwere