中考定语从句讲解与练习

形容词性从句--定语从句用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。形容词作定语Idon’tlikelazypeople.完整的句子作定语Idon’tlikethepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.先行词关系词定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象关系词：1.代词的作用，重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充当一定成分。2.连接作用，连接主句和从句定语从句常用关系词•关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）•关系副词：where(onwhich),when(inwhich),why(forwhich)（在句中作状语）•考点：•关系词的选用与其在从句中所做成分有关•从句也要主谓一致，其谓语的数根据先行词来变化典型例题•3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.•A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed•C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed•4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?•A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich•5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.•A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when•3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。•4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。•5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。关系词在定语从句充当的成分•关系词用作从句的主语•Thewomanisafamousdancerandshelivesnextdoor.•Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdancer.•Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.•A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich•A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。关系词用作从句动词的宾语•I’dreallyliketofindafriendandIcantrusthim.•I’dreallyliketofindafriendwhoIcantrust.典型例题•Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.•A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what•B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.关系词用作从句中的介词的宾语•I’mtalkingaboutfriendsandyoucansharealmosteverythingwiththem.•I’mtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.典型例题•Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked•A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。作宾语的关系词可以省去•I’dreallyliketofindafriend（who）Icantrust.•I’mtalkingaboutfriends（who）youcansharealmosteverythingwith.典型例题•Doyouknowtheman_______?•A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke•C.和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。关系代词与先行词的搭配关系whowhom先行词只能是指“人”which先行词只能是指“物”That,whose先行词可以指“人”或“物”关系代词•一、一般情况下，当先行词指人时，用that,who或whom引导。如：•Iknowtheyoungmanthat/whoisreadingunderthetree.我认识在树下读书的那个年轻人。•Thegirlwhomyoutalkedaboutamomentagoismydaughter.你们刚才谈论的女孩是我的女儿。•当指人的先行词后有介词时，关系代词不用that,而要用whom。如：•Jimisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.吉姆是你在寻找的人。关系代词•二、当先行词指物时，用which或that引导。当关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略。如：•Givemethepenthat/whichisonthedesk.把桌子上的钢笔给我。关系代词•1.who指人，在从句中做主语•(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.•(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.•2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。•(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.•(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.•注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。•(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.关系代词•3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略•(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.•(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.•4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。•(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.•(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语表示人或物的所有关系•(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.•(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.•whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替•(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.•(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.•(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?•(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?使用要点1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。e.g.Theclassroomthatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。e.g.Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworks.3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。e.g.IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.4.只用that，不用which的情况：a.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；Thisisthesecondcomputerthatfatherhasjustbought.b.当先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时；Theonlythingthattheycandoistowait.c.当先行词为anything,nothing,something,everything,all,little,much等不定代词修饰时；Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.e.当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时；f.Itis句型中的引导定语从句时g.当先行词既有人，又有物时。•Sallyistalkingaboutthewriterandhisbookthatinterestsher.h.当主语是who的疑问句。如：•Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames?典型例题•I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which•Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere答案：AB5.只用which，不用that的情况：a.在非限定性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉逗号，整个句子仍能表达完整的意义的定语从句)中。如：•TheyaretalkingabouttheTVplay,whichtheysawlastnight.他们正在谈论昨晚看的电视剧。b.引导词前有介词时；ThisisthehouseinwhichTomoncelived.这是汤姆曾经住过的房子。c.一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；Heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.典型例题•Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though•Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich答案：BC6.当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；7.as从句的先行词是thesame,such,或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。Manyofthesportsarethesameastheywerewhentheystarted.Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected.Itwasraininghard,which(as)wasunexpected.典型例题•Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as•Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels•Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which答案：DCC8.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导•(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.•(2)Thescho