2010高考英语《语法》课件11《非谓语动词用法与考点预测》

2010高考英语《语法》专题复习系列课件11《谓语动词用法与考点预测》一、非谓语动词用法１、非谓语动词的种类：不定式（todo）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（V-ed）２、非谓语动词的功能：1.不定式相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。2.动名词相当于名词或形容词的功能。3.现在分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。4.过去分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。３、非谓语动词在句中所作的成分成分动词形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√４、非谓语动词用做定语1.Pleasegivehimsomething.A.eatenB.eatingC.toeatD.tobeeaten2.Ineedapen.A.writtenB.towriteC.towritewithD.writingwith3.Theroomtheseaismygrandpa’sA.facedB.facingC.tofaceD.faces4.Thewomantheclothesoverthereismyaunt.A.washedB.beingwashedC.TowashD.washingCCBD5.Thebridge,in1950,brokedownintheflood.A.builtB.hadbuiltC.buildingD.tobebuilt6.Thingsaremighter(强大的)thanthings.A.seen;hearingB.seeing;heardC.tosee;tohearD.seen;heardTranslatethefollowingsentences:1.将要到站的火车是从伦敦来的。2.今天晚上我还有一些家务要做。3.没有什么值得担心的。ADThetraintoarriveisfromLondon.Ihavesomehouseworktodotonight.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.4.通向我家乡的那条路非常的窄。5.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的同桌。6.昨晚被警察抓住的那个小偷被投进了监狱。Theroadleadingtomyhometownisverynarrow.Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismydeskmate.Thethiefcaughtbythepolicelastnightwasputintoprison.Comparethephrasesorsentencesbelow：1.TherisingsunTherisensun2.Themaninvitedtothepartyismyboss.Themaninvitingmanyguestsismyboss3.Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice.DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing4.I’mgoingtobuysomepicture-booksforthechildrentoreadIhavesomeclothestowash.Ihavesomeclothestobewashed.5.Herushedintotheburninghouse.Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.6.Theproblembeingdiscussednowhassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.Theproblemdiscussedyesterdayhassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.PremierZhouisaleaderlovedbythepeople.Summarizetheusagesofnonfiniteverbs:1.位置关系：1）.动词不定式做定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。2）.分词做定语有时放在被修饰词后，有时可以放在其前面2.与被修饰词的关系：1）不定式与被修饰词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。2）V-ing与被修饰词是主动关系3）过去分词与被修饰词是被动关系3.动作发生的时间关系：1）不定式可以表示发生在主句谓语动词动作之后的动作。2）现在分词可以表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或正在发生的动作。3）过去分词可以表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作或永久性的动作。Dosomeexcisesbelow:1.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasaroleinmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying2.—WhereshouldIsendmyform?--Thepersonalofficeistheplace.A.forsendingitB.tosendittoC.tosendD.tosendit3.Therewasanoisethesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowedBBBTranslatesomesentences:1.由于赢得了奖学金，马丁.路德金取得了一次上大学的机会2.参观里约热内卢的最好时间是在六月和七月。3.在那边弹钢琴的那个人是我们的音乐老师。Winningascholarship,MartinLurtherKinggotachancetogotocollege.ThebesttimetovisitRiodeJaneiroisinJuneandJulyThemanplayingthepianothereisourmusicteacher.=Themanwhoisplayingthepianothereisourmusicteacher５、非谓语动词用做状语：1.Hewokeuponlytofindhimselflyingonabedinahospital.2.为了在期末考试里取得好成绩，你必须努力学习。3.ThereissomethingforeveryonehereandfewvisitorsleaveRiofeelingdispointed4.Givenmoreattention,thetreeswouldgrowbetter.5.做完他的家庭作业，他去打篮球了。6..Nothavingreceivedhisreply,hedecidedtowriteagainComparethefollowingsentences:1.Wearegladtohearthenews.2.Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.3.Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.4.Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.5.Seeingfromthetopofthehill,youcanfindthecitymorebeautiful.6.Seenfromthetopofthehil,thecityismorebeautiful.7.Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutforapicnictomorrow.8.Timepermitting,wewillgothere.Summarizetheusagesofnonfiniteverbs:1.动词不定式做状语，可以表示目的、。其做结果和原因状语时，常置于句子的；做目的状语时常置于,也可以置于。2.分词做状语常置于句首，可以用来表示等。如果状语所表示的动作和主句谓语动作有先后，应该采用完成式。3.不定式和分词做状语都与主句的主语有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。而独立主格结构则有自己的逻辑主语。4.分词或分词短语做状语可以与相互转换。结果和原因后部句中原因、条件、伴随状语从句句首Completetheexcisesbelow:1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.TotellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told2.Can’tyouread?MarysaidtothenoticeA.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.topointD.andangrilypointlyBATranslatethefollowingsentences:1.为了减肥，她每天只吃一些水果。2.因为病了，他没有来上学。3.不知道如何去做这事，我向我的老师寻求帮助。4.被父亲打了一顿，那个小男孩不敢出门。Inordertoloseweight,hejusteatssomefruitseveryday.Beingill,hedidn’tcometoschool.Notknowninghowtotoit,Iaskedforhelpfrommyteacher.Beatenbyhisfather,theboydarednotgoout.解题方法总结解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。要遵循以下解题思路：①解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；②找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；③搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；④将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺、或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。二、非谓语动词考点预测（一）非谓语动词考点分析非谓语动词的句法作用及高考热点非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√1.考查动名词作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。1.(2007江苏卷)—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow______here.A.peoplesmokingB.peoplesmokeC.tosmokeD.smoking2.(2007辽宁卷)Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad___homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking真题再现知识链接常用能接动名词的动词：admit,appreciate,avoid,advise,can’thelp,celebrate,consider,complete,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mention,mind,miss,pardon,permit,practice,prevent,resist,risk,stop,suggest,understand,allow等。（二）考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语的用法。2.考查动名词作短语动词和介词宾语的固定搭配。1.(2008江苏卷)—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed______atmeals.A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking2.(2006重庆卷)Isn’tittimeyougotdownto____thepapers.A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking3.(2006江西/改错)I'mlookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.真题再现知识链接1.常见的短语动词有：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,can'thelp,can’tstand,feellike,insiston,thinkof,dreamof,be