nonfinitive 非谓语动词

NonfiniteVerbs(非谓语动词)过去分词不定式V.-ing形式非谓语动词高考题不定式[例1]NMET2000I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB该题考查疑问词+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词其后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用解析：[例2]NMET1999Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeistodo…nottodo句型。不定式的作用解析：[例3]2002上海Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestriving____theirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakeB.makingC.TohavemadeD.havingmadeA不定式该题考查动词不定式做目的状语。解析：•Hewokeuptofindeveryonegone.•Welaughedtohearthenews.结果状语原因状语不定式的作用[例4]1999上海Therearefivepairs____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy?A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingB不定式该题考查动词不定式作定语。有5双可供选择，而不是选择5双，故用choosefrom表示“从…中选择”。不定式的作用解析：[例5]2004北京Myadvisorencouraged____asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotakeD不定式该题考查动词不定式作宾补。“encouragesb.todosth.”不定式的作用解析：[例6]____somethingaboutEnglishisonething;toknowEnglishisquiteanother.A.KnowingB.ToknowC.KnownD.TohavingknownB不定式该题考查动词不定式作主语。动名词作主语表经常性的，抽象的动作，而不定式作主语则表示特指，一次性的，具体的动作。不定式的作用解析：[例7]NMET1997Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。解析：不定式的时态和语态[例8]NMET2002Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.B不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.解析：不定式不定式的时态和语态不定式[例9]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，①warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用结构①，另外，not应放在to之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；二听listento,hear；一感觉feel；三使役make,let,have;等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补。解析：不定式的否定形式过去分词1.作状语[例1]NMET1996_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是句子主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.解析：过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。过去分词2.作定语[例2]NMET1997TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析：Theyhavepaidthehousetobebuiltnextyear.Theyhavepaidthehousebeingbuiltnow.Theyhavepaidthehousebuiltyearsago.作定语过去分词3.作表语[例3]NMET1998Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.解析：过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET2000Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析：V.-ing形式[例1]NMET1998Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面，ing表示顺其自然的结果，不定式表示突然，出乎意料的结果。解析：•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•HerushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosedV.-ing形式[例2]NMET2001____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法解这类题的关键是弄清非谓语动词与句子主语的逻辑关系，句子主语是该动作的执行者还是承受者？句子主语若是动作的执行者则需用现在分词；若是承受着，则需用过去分词或其他形式的被动式。接着考虑分词的动作与谓语动词动作的先后关系来决定具体词形。解析：make主动语态被动语态句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主宾表定状补不定式tomaketobemakingtohavemadetobemadetohavebeenmade√√√√√√现在分词makinghavingmadebeingmadehavingbeenmade√√√√动名词√√√√过去分词made√√√√非谓语动词用法比较详析１.Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference．(03上海春)A．invitedB．invitingC．beinginvitedD．havinginvited２.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive．(03上海春)A．tohaveplayedB．toplayC．tobeplayedD．tobeplayingAB３.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan______(03上海春)A．keptB．tobekeptC．keepingD．beingkept４.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement．(03上海春)A．ThepresidentwillattendB．ThepresidenttoattendC．ThepresidentattendedD．Thepresident'sattendingAD5.Youweresillynot____yourcar.(04湖南)A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedB6.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.（04辽宁）A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheardD7.Withalotofdifficultproblems___,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.（02上海）A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledC8.Doletyourmotherknowthetruth.Sheappears____everything.（01上海）A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldD９AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek___TV.（04上海）A.towatchB.t