关于英语中的命名规则

SupplementaryInformationofSpecialtyEnglish——NomenclatureofcompoundsZhangBaohuaCollegeofEnvironmental&[e-mail]ompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称1H氢Hydrogen6C碳Carbon2He氦Helium7N氮Nitrogen3Li锂Lithium8O氧Oxygen4Be铍Beryllium9F氟Fluorine5B硼Boron10Ne氖NeonI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称11Na钠Sodium(来自拉丁语Natrium)16S硫Sulphur12Mg镁Magnesium17Cl氯Chlorine13Al铝Aluminium18Ar氩Argon14Si硅Silicon19K钾Potassium(来自德语Kalium)15P磷Phosphorus20Ca钙CalciumI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称21Sc钪Scandium26Fe铁Iron(来自拉丁语Ferrum)22Ti钛Titanium27Co钴Cobalt23V钒Vanadium28Ni镍Nickel24Cr铬Chromium29Cu铜Copper(来自拉丁语Cuprum)25Mn锰Manganese30Zn锌ZincI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称31Ga镓Gallium36Kr氪Krypton32Ge锗Germanium37Rb铷Rubidium33As砷Arsenic38Sr锶Strontium34Se硒Selenium39Y钇Yttrium35Br溴Bromine40Zr锆ZirconiumI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称41Nb铌Niobium46Pd钯Palladium42Mo钼Molybdenum47Ag银Silver(来自拉丁语Argentum)43Tc锝Technetium48Cd镉Cadmium44Ru钌Ruthenium49In铟Indium45Rh铑Rhodium50Sn锡Tin(来自拉丁语Stannum)I.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称51Sb锑Antimony(来自拉丁语Stibium)56Ba钡Barium52Te碲Tellurium57La镧Lanthanum53I碘Iodine58Ce铈Cerium54Xe氙Xenon59Pr镨Praseodymium55Cs铯Caesium60Nd钕NeodymiumI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称61Pm钷Promethium66Dy镝Dysprosium62Sm钐Samarium67Ho钬Holmium63Eu铕Europium68Er铒Erbium64Gd钆Gadolinium69Tm铥Thulium65Tb铽Terbium70Yb镱YtterbiumI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称71Lu镥Lutetium76Os锇Osmium72Hf铪Hafnium77Ir铱Iridium73Ta钽Tantalum78Pt铂Platinum74W钨Tungsten(来自德语Wolfram)79Au金Gold(来自拉丁语Aurum)75Re铼Rhenium80Hg汞Mercury(来自拉丁语Hydragyrum)I.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称81Tl铊Thallium86Rn氡Radon82Pb铅Lead(来自拉丁语Plumbum)87Fr钫Francium83Bi铋Bismuth88Ra镭Radium84Po钋Polonium89Ac锕Actinium85At砹Astatine90Th钍ThoriumI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称91Pa镤Protactinium96Cm锔Curium92U铀Uranium97Bk锫Berkelium93Np镎Neptunium98Cf锎Californium94Pu钚Plutonium99Es锿Einsteinium95Am镅Americium100Fm镄FermiumI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称序数符号元素名称英文名称101Md钔Mendelevium106Sg钅喜Seaborgium102No锘Nobelium107Bh钅波Bohrium103Lr铹Lawrencium108Hs钅黑Hassium104Rf钅卢Rutherfordium109Mt钅麦Meitnerium105Db钅杜Dubnium110Ds钅达DarmstadtiumI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsNamesofelements序数符号元素名称英文名称111Rg钅仑Roentgenium112UubUnunbium114UuqUnunquadium116UuhUnunhexium118UuoUnunoctiumI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsTheelementsymbolsnotfromEnglishsymbolEnglishLatinsymbolEnglishLatinCucoppercuprumAugoldaurumSbautimonystibiumFeironferrumPbleadPlumbumAgSilverarrgentumHgmercuryhydrargyrumNaSodiumNatriumKpotassiumkaliumSntinstannumI.Nomenclatureofinorganiccompounds1.TrivialnameH2OwaterCaOquicklimeNH3ammoniaK2CO3potashCaCO3limestoneHg2Cl2Calomel(甘汞)I.Nomenclatureofinorganiccompounds2.Ifthereareonlytwoelementsinthecompounds,itiscustomarytonamethemoremetallicelementfirstandthelessmetallic,ormoreelectronegativeelementsecond,withthesuffix“ide”.KClpotassiumchlorideNaBrsodiumbromideBaSbariumsulfideCaOcalciumoxideHIhydrogeniodideI.Nomenclatureofinorganiccompounds3.Forcompoundscontainingstillonlytwoelementsbutmorethantwoatoms,theprefixes“mono-”,“di-”,“tri-”,etc.becomenecessary.(1)mono-,(2)di-,(3)tri-,(4)tetra-,(5)penta-,(6)hex-,(7)hept-,(8)octa-Cl2Odi-chlorinemonoxideClOchlorinemonoxideClO2chlorinedioxideClO3chlorinetrioxideCl2O7di-chlorineheptoxideClO4chlorinetetroxideI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsAnd“-ous”,“-ic”werealsousedtodenotethelowerandhighermetallicstate.I.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsCuIcuprousiodideCuI2cupriciodideFeBr2ferrousbromideFeBr3ferricbromideSnCl2stannouschlorideSnCl4stannicchlorideI.Nomenclatureofinorganiccompounds4.Aclassofcompoundsinwhichsuchprefixesareseldomusedisthatinwhichthemetalatomusuallyexhibitsonlyoneoxidationstate.ZnBr2zincbromideCaH2calciumhydrideNa2OsodiumoxideAl2S3aluminumsulfideI.Nomenclatureofinorganiccompounds5.Threeelementspresent,suchcompoundsarenamedbycombiningthesuffix“-ate”withthenameofthelesselectronegativeofthetwononmetallicelements.And“-ite”,“-ate”areusedtodenotethelowerandhigheroxidationstateofthesameelectronegativeelement.NaNO3sodiumnitrateNaNO2sodiumnitriteI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsWhentherearemorethantwooxidationstatesoftheelectronegativeelement,prefixused.Theprefix“hypo-”meaning“below”,isusedinthenameofthelowestoxidationstate.Theprefix“per-”meaning“highest”,isusedwhenitisinthehighestoxidationstate.I.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsFormulaOxidationstateoflesselectronegativeatomNameofsaltKNO2+3PotassiumnitriteKNO3+5PotassiumnitrateRbSO3+4RubidiumsulfiteRbSO4+6RubidiumsulfateCsClO+1CesiumhypochloriteCsClO2+5CesiumchloriteCsClO3+5CesiumchlorateCsClO4+7CesiumperchlorateI.NomenclatureofinorganiccompoundsIninorganicacid,“-ous”,“-ic”areusedtodenotethelowerandhigh