【抗生素ppt课件】环境中药物与个人护理品监测技术

PPCPs定义PPCPs:PharmaceuticalsandPersonalCareProducts药品与个人护理用品Environ.Health.Perspect,1999,107处方药非处方药如抗生素、类固醇、止痛药、降压药、避孕药、催眠药和减肥药等肥皂、香波、牙膏、香水、护肤品、防晒霜、发胶、染发剂等环境中PPCP排放york.ac.uk/depts/eeem/gsp/esm/issues/pharma.htm制药厂污水处理环境水体土壤粪污贮存农田施放畜产养殖水产养殖宠物饲养人体医疗药物及容器不恰当处置研究背景PPCPs无处不在Ubiquitous持久性Persistence毒性（耐药性等）ToxicityPossiblerisksofPPCPs抗生素耐药性细菌耐药性存在形式•金葡菌对青霉素G的耐药率已达90%•2006～2007年度大肠杆菌对合成喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药性高达70%，给临床治疗带来新的困难•…•耐药菌在人和动物体内发现•一些抗药菌或者抗多种抗生素的病原菌不但存在于畜禽养殖场与城市污水厂、部分土壤和沉积物中，也存在于一些比较干净的湖泊和饮用水中超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定屠宰废水中78种兽药2004年我国生猪出栏约4.8亿头，2006年达到6.3亿头，到2010年将达到7.3亿头，生猪资源非常丰富。预计“十一五”期间我国肉类年均增长3％～5％。2005年，90,000吨抗生素被用于动物饲养。中国生猪出栏量研究背景预防和治疗动物传染病削弱胃肠内有害微生物，抑制、杀死致病菌，增强抗病能力，以防禽畜病瘟促进生长使动物肠壁变薄，有利于养分的渗透和吸收，提高饲料利用率刺激动物脑下垂体分泌激素，促进机体生长发育（增重10-20%）研究背景畜禽养殖中兽药的作用（10%）（90%）屠宰场流程图研究背景78种检测对象抗生素类13种β-受体激动剂其它类10种β-受体阻断剂6种利尿剂7种镇静剂19种喹诺酮类11种磺胺类6种四环素类5种大环内酯类氯霉素•色谱柱：WatersAcquityBEHC18柱，100mm×2.1mm(id)，粒径1.7um。•进样室温度：5℃；•进样体积：10uL。•流动相：ESI+模式，A为0.1%甲酸水，B为甲醇ESI-模式，A为纯水，B为乙腈•流速：0.3ml/min。色谱条件离子源模式ESI＋ESI－毛细管电压3.0kV2.8kV脱溶剂气流量500Lh-1源温度100°C脱溶剂温度350°C倍增电压650V碰撞室压力3.2×10–3mbar质谱条件stdTime2.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%010020080902-31:MRMof2ChannelsES+1731562.85e61.4020080902-32:MRMof6ChannelsES+2732556.69e72.5020080902-32:MRMof6ChannelsES+240.2147.84.09e72.8320080902-32:MRMof6ChannelsES+226151.72.90e72.6720080902-33:MRMof10ChannelsES+279.1124.17.74e63.0520080902-33:MRMof10ChannelsES+279124.18.63e63.0520080902-33:MRMof10ChannelsES+267.1189.72.60e72.88stdTime2.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%010020080902-36:MRMof8ChannelsES+370.2325.99.34e64.5120080902-36:MRMof8ChannelsES+281155.98.89e64.4620080902-36:MRMof8ChannelsES+271155.92.12e74.5720080902-36:MRMof8ChannelsES+268155.97.13e64.51stdTime2.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%010020080902-37:MRMof6ChannelsES+362.1318.13.87e74.7220080902-37:MRMof6ChannelsES+334.1316.13.76e64.7420080902-37:MRMof6ChannelsES+321.13034.26e64.764.514.8620080902-38:MRMof6ChannelsES+2811567.45e64.84磺胺索他洛尔沙丁胺醇特布它林磺胺二甲基异嘧啶磺胺二甲基嘧啶阿替洛尔氧氟沙星培氟沙星依诺沙星磺胺甲氧嗪氟罗沙星磺胺5-甲氧嘧啶磺胺甲基硫二嗪磺胺二甲唑标准LC-MS/MS色谱图stdTime4.006.008.0010.0012.00%01004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01004.006.008.0010.0012.00%010020080902-33:MRMof10ChannelsES+234.21606.84e73.3720080902-33:MRMof10ChannelsES+229.9170.67.91e63.2320080902-34:MRMof4ChannelsES+304.3134.71.05e73.6020080902-34:MRMof4ChannelsES+265.11563.56e63.8620080902-35:MRMof6ChannelsES+36372.25.66e64.4020080902-35:MRMof6ChannelsES+319300.92.63e74.4320080902-35:MRMof6ChannelsES+304.1285.83.30e64.17西马特罗阿米洛地非诺特罗磺胺甲基嘧啶麻保沙星clencyclohexerol吡啶酸stdTime2.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%010020080902-38:MRMof6ChannelsES+320.1302.13.24e64.8620080902-38:MRMof6ChannelsES+2632456.14e74.8720080902-39:MRMof6ChannelsES+458.24417.81e64.9720080902-39:MRMof6ChannelsES+445.14107.57e74.9720080902-39:MRMof6ChannelsES+332.2314.11.49e75.00诺氟沙星克伦丙罗二甲胺四环素四环素环丙沙星标准LC-MS/MS色谱图标准LC-MS/MS色谱图stdTime2.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%010020080902-315:MRMof8ChannelsES+380.22515.29e77.4420080902-313:MRMof6ChannelsES+228.1153.85.13e76.4720080902-313:MRMof6ChannelsES+2681164.54e66.0620080902-313:MRMof6ChannelsES+393.1349.11.07e76.3820080902-314:MRMof8ChannelsES+262.92452.92e56.8520080902-314:MRMof8ChannelsES+311.3236.92.71e76.8220080902-314:MRMof8ChannelsES+479.24442.38e66.85塞利洛尔妥布特罗美托洛尔司帕沙星西诺沙星马布特罗金霉素stdTime2.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%010020080902-311:MRMof8ChannelsES+400.2382.13.86e65.3620080902-311:MRMof8ChannelsES+396.43522.61e65.3220080902-311:MRMof8ChannelsES+3522651.32e75.2220080902-311:MRMof8ChannelsES+254.2237.19.99e65.2620080902-312:MRMof8ChannelsES+465.1447.97.20e65.6520080902-312:MRMof8ChannelsES+3863423.14e65.5820080902-312:MRMof8ChannelsES+277.3202.93.23e75.65二氟沙星洛美沙星氨苯喋啶去甲基金霉素沙拉沙星克伦特罗奥比沙星stdTime2.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%01002.004.006.008.0010.0012.00%010020080902-315:MRMof8ChannelsES+311155.91.18e77.3920080902-315:MRMof8ChannelsES+299.2115.89.72e67.1220080902-315:MRMof8ChannelsES+291202.93.16e77.0420080902-316:MRMof6ChannelsES+301.21561.13e67.98200809