全新版大学英语单词详解-Book2-Unit8

Unit8ProtectingourEnvironmentTextAAFableforTomorrow1.(Para.1)inharmonywith:agreewithanotheridea,feelingetc.,orlookgoodwithotherthings*Yoursuggestionsarenotinharmonywiththeaimsofthisproject.我们的行为应该与话语相一致。(=Ouractionsshouldbeinharmonywithourwords.)Collocation:beinharmonywith与…协调一致beoutofharmonywith与…不协调一致liveinharmony和睦相处2.(Para.1)surroundings:n.everythingthatisaroundornearsb./sth.*ThehouseissetinbeautifulsurroundingsnearLakeConiston.(=Weworkmorehappilyinpleasantsurroundings.)3.(Para.1)inthemidstof:amongorwith;while(sth.)ishappening*Thegovernmentisinthemidstofamajorcrisis.他在暴雨中离开了公寓。(=Helefthisflatinthemidstofarainstorm.)4.(Para.1)prosperous:adj.richandsuccessful*I’msureyoucanbuildaprosperousbusinessinChina.(=Aftertheirmisfortunesthefamilyslowlybecameprosperous.)5.(Para.1)bloom:1.n.aflower,especiallyonecultivatedforitsbeauty*FallleavesmaketheJapanesemad,justlikethecherrybloominthespring.苹果树正在开花。(=Theappletreeswereinbloom.)2.vi.produceflowers;beinflower.*Someofmylastrosesofsummerareevenmorebeautifulthanthefirstonesthatbloomedinearlyspring.(=Everythinginthegardenwasbloominglovely!)NB:bloom,blossom以及flower均可作名词和动词，意为“花，开花”。其不同点是：bloom尤指“大的、供观赏的花，诸如牡丹、玫瑰、梅花、菊花等;blossom指树木开花，尤指果树上开的花。flower指开放的花朵或泛指花卉。Collocation:comeintobloom/blossom开花beoutofbloom/blossom花已落in(full)bloom/blossom花盛开着thebloomisofftherose明日黄花，已失去新颖感或应时价值的事物6.(Para.1)flame:vi.becomesuddenlybrightwithlightorcolour,especiallyredororange*Agreatfireflamedinanopenfireplace.(=Hisfaceflamedwithembarrassment.)7.(Para.1)bark:1.vi.maketheshortloudsoundthatadogmakes*Haveyoueverseenadogbarkingatthemoon?这只狗对陌生人吠叫。(=Thedogbarksatstrangers.)2.vt.saysomethingquicklyinaloudvoice*Thecaptainbarkedintothemicrophone,“Attentioneveryone!”他开始厉声下达命令。(=Hebeganbarkingouthisorders.)8.(Para.1)mist:n.alightcloudlowoverthegroundthatmakesitdifficultforyoutoseeveryfar*Wecouldjustseetheoutlineofthehousethroughthemist.(=Themistalongtheriverbankshadgonebymidmorning.)CF:mist,fog&smog这三个词都是名词，都可表示“雾”之意。mist指轻雾，气象学上称作霭。例如：*Thepeakswereshroudedinmist.山峰笼罩在雾霭中。fog指较浓的雾。例如：*Wegetheavyfogsonthecoastinwinter.这里的海边冬季有浓雾。smog指工业区的烟和雾相混而造成的又黑又浓的烟雾。例如：*Theriverappearedasifenvelopedinsmog.那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。9.(Para.2)feedon:lookforandeat(asone’susualfood)*Giantpandasfeedonarrowbambootwigsandleaves.这台燃气轮机以它抽入的燃料为能源。(=Thegasturbinefeedsonthefuelitpumps.)10.(Para.2)abundance:n.averylargequantityofsth.*Thetropicalislandboastsanabundanceofwildlife.(=Shewasblessedwithtalentandcharminabundance.)Collocation:abundanceof丰富,许多inabundance充足，丰富ayearofabundance丰年11.(Para.2)migrant:n.1)abirdoranimalthattravelsregularlyfromonepartoftheworldtoanother*Themigrantsspantheanimalkingdom,fromwhalestodragonflies.夏天候鸟来这里筑巢。(=Summermigrantsnesthere.)2)someonewhogoestoliveinanotherareaorcountry,especiallyinordertofindwork*Historically,Californiahaswelcomedmigrantsfromotherstatesandnations.流动工人从一国转到另一国。寻找工资高的工作。(=Migrantworkersmovefromcountrytocountryinsearchofwell-paidwork.)NB:与migrant形似的词有emigrant“移居国外的人”，immigrant“(自国外移入的)移民”。12.(Para.3)creep:vi.movequietlyandslowly*Ivycreptupthewallsofthebuilding.(=Shecreptupbehindhimandputherhandsoverhiseyes.)CF:creep,climb,crawl这三个动词都有“爬”之意。creep多指人或四足动物匍匐爬行，尤指偷偷地或不出声地缓慢向前爬行。也指植物的蔓延生长等。climb通常指用手或足爬上或爬下，也指飞机、日、月的上升，还可用作比喻。crawl指人或动物以身躯贴着地面缓慢地移动。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Thebaby____acrossthefloor.(=crawled)2.Noonenoticedthatthelittleboyhad_____intotheroomandwassittingthere,listening.(=crept)3.Boyswere_____treesalongtheriverbank.(=climbing)4.Ittookseveralhourstodrivethe50miles,_______alongthroughthesnow.(=crawling)5.She_____intoChrissy'sroom,shuttingthedoorsilentlybehindher.(=crept)6.Severalfans______ontotheroofofthearenatogetabetterview.(=climbed)7.Saleshave11%thisquarter.(=climbed)13.(Para.3)spell:n.1)(stateorconditioncausedby)magicpower*Afterashortspellinhospitalshewassoonbackatwork.她担心你正从她魔力般的影响下清醒过来。(=Sheisafraidthatyouarewakingfromherspell.)2)ashortperiodoftimeduringwhichsth.lasts*He'shadaspellofbadluckrecently.她趁上班时一段清静的时间写了封信。(=Shemanagedtowritealetterduringaquietspellatwork.)Collocation:duringa…spell在一段时间内a…spellas作为…的时期aspellofunemployment失业期be/come/fallunder在咒语的支配下；中了咒语undersb.’sspell被某人迷住14.(Para.3)settleon:fallfromaboveandcometoreston*Whenyouareready,flydowntoEarth;settleonthemoistgreenbanksofarunningstream.(=Asathickfogsettledonthegrounditbecametoodarktoplayoutside.)Pattern:settlefor对…感到满足settleon决定settlewith同…清理账目settledownto/into定下心来15.(Para.3)mysterious:adj.hardtoexplainorunderstand*Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemysteriousdeathsofchildrenatthehospital.一个神秘的捐助人提供了这笔钱。(=Amysteriousbenefactorprovidedthemoney.)16.(Para.3)malady:n.anillness;aseriousproblem*Between1937and1941hediscovereddrugswhichmitigated(缓和)theworstsymptomsofthesemaladies.暴力犯罪是为害现代社会的弊病之一。(=Violentcrimeisoneofthemaladiesaffectingmodernsociety.)17.(Para.3)flock:n.agroupofbirds,sheeporgoats*Naturallytheshepherdswhohadbroughttheirflocksacrossmustknowthesafestroute.一群鸟飞过来,打猎开始了。(=Aflockofbirdscomesover,andthehuntingstarts.)CF:flock,herd&swarm这三个名词都有“群”之意。flock主要指鸟群、羊群，也指较