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1\练习一1.ji6,ji26,j242.3/2)2/3(ks,2/121kt,2/3032ktxx3.[2]4.[3]5.(1)由22192tytx得)0(21192xxy,此乃轨道方程(2)jir1142,jir1721,jiv62,smv/33.6(3)itidtrdv42,jdtvda4st2时,jiv82,ja4(4)由vr,有0vrsttttt300)219(442或当0t时190yx当st3时16yx6.(1)adtdv2/1kvdtdv有vvtktvvkdtdvv002/102/12/122当0v时,有kvt02(2)由(1)有2021ktvvkvktvkvdtxtkv3221322/3000/2300练习二1.22202tgvtg,22200tgvgv2.2/8.4sm2/4.230smrad15.323.[2]4.[3]5.由约束方程222hxl有:dtdxxdtdll22即:xvlv220……(1)0220vxxhvxlv对(1)两边求导,有:dtdvxdtdxvdtdlv02032220vxhxvvdtdva6.(1)sradRv/25(2)22/8.392srad(3)st628.02练习三1.kgm2222.J8823.[1]4.[4]5.(1)2020208321221mvmvvmEWkf(2)rmgWf2rgv16320(3)34)210(20kEmvN(圈)6.先用隔离体法画出物体的受力图建立坐标,根据maF的分量式xxmafyymaf有xmafFcos0sinMgFN依题意有0xa,NfsincosMgF令0)sin(cosdd21.84.36F3练习四1.)21(0gym,021mv2.mMmuMv3.[1]4.[2]5.将全过程分为三个阶段(1)球下摆至最低处,m和地球为系统,机械能守恒:221mvmgl…………(1)(2)球与钢块作弹性碰撞水平方向动量守恒12mvMvmv…………(2)机械能守恒21222212121mvMvmv…………(3)(3)球上摆至最大高度处,m和地球系统机械能守恒:mghmv2121…………(4)由(1)(2)(3)得:glmMmMv21,代入(4)得:mgvh36.02216.设人抛球后的速度为V,则人球系统抛球过程水平方向动量守恒)()(VumMVvmMomMmuvV0人对球施加的冲量mMmMumvVumI0)(方向水平向前练习五1.gl32..3403.[3]4.[1]5.1111amTgm2222amgmT)(2121JJrTRTRa1ra24联立解得:22212121)(rmRmJJgrmRm222121211)(rmRmJJRgrmRma222121212)(rmRmJJrgrmRmagmrmRmJJrRrmJJT12221212211)(gmrmRmJJrRRmJJT22221211212)(6.(1)由角动量守恒得:02211JJ0222JRvMR)(05.0122SJmRv(2)2)]([21t(s)55.02t(rad)1122t(3)(s)422vRT(rad)0.22T练习六流体力学(一)1.J4108,22.3mN2.总是指向曲率中心3.[3]4.[4]5.在大气压PaP50100136.1时,泡内压强104RPP,移到气压为0P时泡内压强204RPP32313434PRPR3220311044RRPRRP)(1027.14442321100PaRRRRPp6.首先在温度为t1时,在液体中靠近两管弯曲液面处的压强分别有11014dPP,2024dPP,且有112ghPP2111114ddgh5同理当温度为t2时,两管液面高度差为:2122114ddghmddghhh33333212121104.20103.01101.018.91010)2070(15.0411)(4练习七流体力学(二)1.sm/72.02.m46.03.[3]4.[2]5.(1)粗细两处的流速分别为1v与2v则2211vSvSQ12131175403000scmcmscmSQv121322300103000scmcmscmSQv(2)粗细两处的压强分别为1P与2P2222112121vPvP)(1022.4)75.03(102121213223212221PavvPPPPhg水银mh031.06.(1)射程vtsghv221ghv2又221gthHghHt)(2)(2)(22hHhghHghvts6(2)设在离槽底面为x处开一小孔,则同样有:)(2121xHgv)(21xHgv又2121gtxgxt21)()(2111hHhsxHxtvshx则在离槽底为h的地方开一小孔,射程与前面相同。练习八1.m93,m10,m0,s7105.2;2.m5,s4;3.[3]4.[3]5.ccccccccuvuvvxxx373548.14.1)6.0(8.01)6.0(8.01226.22221)()(u)()(cucxxucxxcxxutttttABABABABAB221cuucxxtAB,两边平方得cu23,2mxtuxx3102)(又0ABtttABttB事件比A事件先发生练习九1.2201cvmm1112202cvcm2mc2.75m3208kg2.78kg·m-33.[3]4.[1]5.(1)JcmcmcmA1401212104.3)(2227(2))1(20202cmcmmceu;95.2120cmeu;2211cukgmmm3100108.2695.2ccv94.02cmmvp077.26.由洛仑兹变换22/1/)(cutuxx,yy,zz222/1/)/(cucxutt可得22222)(tcxtcx故22222222)()(tczyxtczyx即22SS练习十1.相同;不同;相同;2.1:12:110:33.[2]4.[2]5.由3102PRTMRTMmpV千克/摩尔=2克/摩尔该气体为氢气,smMRTv/1093.13326.(1)325235108.14001038.110013.1mkTPn(2)kgNM262330103.51002.61032(3)3/98.0mkgRTMpVm(4)JkTnEk5105.225练习十一1.在速率dvvv内的分子数2.3.[4]4.[1]5.0)(22200000VpVpiRTiMmRTiMmEEE80000000)(RTTTTVpRTVpRTVpMmMm6.(1)由nkTp,得1:1:21nn(2)由MRTv6.1得4:132:2::1221MMvv练习十二1.相同;不同2.2111VVa;降低3.[3]4.[2]5.(1)由abc过程:abcacabcWEEQ得JEEac224adc过程:JWEEQadcacadc266(2)ca过程:JWEEQcacaca30884224放热6.(1)ba等容:01WJTTREQ1247)(251211cb等温:02EJRTVVRTWQ20332lnln212222JQQQabc328021,JWWabc20332,JEEEac12471(2)da等温:01EJRTWQ16872ln111cd等容:02WJTTREQ1247)(2/51222JQQQabc293421,JWWabc16871,JEEEac12472练习十三1.等压;021RT2.[2]9pa(T1)b(T1)c(T2)OV1V2VP3.[2]4.[3]5.(1)绝热过程ca122111VTVTJRTVVRTTTREWac34.011211211075.3]1.01[25125)(25(2)等温过程ba作功,等容过程cb不作功JRTVVRTWWababc311211073.510lnln(3)由kTVNnkTp知,等温膨胀过程,p只随V的增大而减少,而绝热膨胀过程p随V的增大和T的降低较快地减小,因为21VVpdVW,所以系统从同一初态膨胀相同体积时,等温过程作的功比绝热过程多。6.)(2)(2000pVVpiTTRiMmEW又112212iiiiCCvp100pVVpW练习十四1.467K;234K2.[2]3.[3]4.[2]5.(1)21等温:2211VpVpatmpVVp5121232绝热:132121VTVT33211213108.48mVTTV3322VpVpatmpVVP43.1232314绝热:111214TpTpatmpTTp87.21121443等温:4433VpVp333434104.24mVppV10t=0.25st=0.5sx32t=1st=0s(2)JVpVpVVTVVTRMmQQW3331143212121101.22ln)(lnln(3)%30112TT6.(1)23122312lnln3221TTCTTCTdTCTdTCSSSVpTTVTTp由于31TT,RCCVp,所以可得1212lnlnVVRTTRS(2)1212111lnln1VVRVVRTTTQS(3)41434314lnln034TTCTTCTdTCSSSppTTp2311VpVp和11441)/(/ppTT121113)/()/(VVpp122141lnln1lnVVRVVCTTCSpp三次计算的S都相等,说明熵变只与始末状态有关。练习十五1.s1,32,314,s52.见右图3.[3]4.[2]5.(1)mx4.02sin4.00,02cos
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