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1TheClearBlueSkyAbstractAccordingtoSinclair&Coulthard(19...1.ThesituationofairpollutioninChinaTherapideconomicexpansionandtheconsequentairpollutionprofoundlyaffecteveryoneinourcountry.Theclearcharmingskyhasbeentakenawayfromtheresidentswhogetbettermaterialconditionsthanbeforeinthemostdaysoftheyear.Infact,TheairpollutioncausedbyPM2.5---thesmallestsolidparticlesintheatmosphere---hasbecomeasevereproblemwhichthreatenChinesepublichealth.Thesetinyparticlesreleasedbyfactoriesandcarscancauseacuteandchronicrespiratorydiseases,andevenleadtodeath.Accordingtothereliablesurveyresults,almosteveryChineseprovincehasPM2.5levelsabovethestandardofWorldHealthOrganisation,andthepeopleinShanDongandHebeigetmuchmoresufferingthanthedwellersofotherprovinces.Theterriblepolutionhasgatheredlargepublicattention.2.TheexistingproblemsofairpollutionThosepreviouslyunseennumberswerehardtobelieve,buttheydidseemtomatchupwellenoughwiththenoxioussoupwecouldsee,smellandtasteoutside.Weareallfarmorefamiliarwiththespecificsofair-qualitymeasurementthanwewouldliketobe.ApartfromtheAQIreadingsabove700,wewerequitestrucktoseethereadingsforthesmallestandmostdangeroussortofparticulatematter,calledPM2.5,whichcanenterdeepintotherespiratorysystem.Thesearenamedforthesize,inmicrons,oftheparticles.AreadingatacontroversialmonitoringstationrunbytheAmericanembassyshowedaPM2.5levelof886microgramspercubicmetre;Beijing’sownmunicipalmonitoringcentreacknowledgedreadingsinexcessof700micrograms.这些前所未见的数字高得难以置信,不过倒是和我们在室外看到、闻到和尝到的浓浓毒雾非常般配。我们都太熟悉这些空气质量测量方法的细节了,虽然并非我们所愿。在700有余的AQIChapter5Conclusion读数之外,我们还为最小也是最危险、被称为“PM2.5”的微粒物质的指数感到相当震惊。这些微粒可以侵入呼吸系统深处,其名取自微粒的尺寸,单位是微米。美国大使馆运作的一个有争议的监测站数据显示PM2.5水平为每立方米886微克;北京市的检测中心只承认该数值超过700微克。WealsonotedthatChineseauthoritieshadalreadyembarkedonawiderangeofstrategiestoimproveairquality,andthattheyprobablydeservemorecreditthaneitherforeignordomesticcriticstendtogivethem.Butweconcludedwiththesadrealitythatsuchworktakesdecades,andthat“Beijingresidentswillneedtowaitbeforeseeingimprovements.”我们还指出,中国政府已经广泛实施了改善空气质量的策略,尽管遭到国内外的批评,当局的作为理应得到更多肯定。然而我们的结论伴随着悲哀的事实:这些工作耗时数十年,北京居民需漫漫苦等才能迎来空气改善的那天。Butwindcanbeaproblemwhenitdoesblow,too.IntheoutlyingprovincesthatarepartofBeijing’sairshed,thereisagreatdealofheavyindustry.Pollutionregulationsaremuchhardertoenforcethere.And,inthiscolder-than-averagewinter,peoplehavebeenburningmorecoalandwoodthanusual.但如果风刮起来也是个问题。在北京气域外侧的省份有大量重型工业。污染治理法规在这些地区执行起来阻力更大。并且,在这个比以往要冷一些的冬季,人们烧的煤炭和木材也要比往年多一些。ItislikelytobemanymoreJanuarystocomebeforeChinagetstheupperhandonitsair-pollutionproblems.Indeed,aswementionedlastJanuary12th,afternearlysixtyyearsoftryingandavastamountofprogress,thecityofLosAngeleshasyettomeetAmerica'sfederalair-qualitystandards.IfthereisanyconsolationtowhatBeijinghadtoendurethisJanuary12th,itisthatitshouldlendurgencytothepublicoutcry,andhelpspeedthingsintherightdirection.看来在中国控制住空气污染问题之前,我们还得熬过许多个一月。事实上,正如我们去年1月12日的文章提到的那样,在近60年的努力治理和显著进步后,洛杉矶市至今仍未达到美国的联邦空气质量标准。如果说北京在经历了今年的1月12日后能得到什么宽慰的话,那就是该市会更紧迫地倾听民众的呼声,并让事情加速朝正确的方向发展。3Suchcaveatsaside,however,thisstudyshowshowfarChinastillneedstogoincleaningupitsact.Pollutionanddevelopmenthavealwaysmarchedhandinhand,andtheformermayevenberegardedastolerableaslongasitisonlyatemporaryblipontheroadtoprosperity.Whatisintolerableisthatitislefttooutsiderstoliftthelidonwhatishappening.抛开对空气污染的告诫不谈,这项研究至少表明,中国在粉饰污染程度方面,应当深深反省。污染总与发展齐头并进。只要污染是暂时的,是为繁荣发展服务的,人们甚至就觉得污染也是可以忍的。然而令人忍无可忍的是,一国重度污染的真相却是由外界来揭开。...3.Theclassifiedsolutions.ThismeansthenextgovernmentwillhavetomakesomeswiftdecisionsaboutclearingupBritain'sdirtyair,byintroducingseveral“low-emissionzones”toreducethenumberofdieselcarsandthelike.Measurestocutairpollutionhavebeentakenbefore.In1956,afterthesmoginLondon,thegovernmentpushedthroughaCleanAirAct,banningcoalfiresinpeople'shomes.Thatdecisionwaspromptedbyacrisis.Thereasonsforpushingthroughthisreformmayappeartobelessdramatic,buttheyarenolessimportant.这说明下届政府需要迅速出台相关政策,推行几个“低排放区”计划,削减使用柴油机汽车等高污染汽车的数量,以此净化国内空气。其实,降低空气污染的措施早在1956年就已实行过。当时,政府在伦敦雾霾消散后力促通过了《清洁空气法》,禁止室内燃烧黑煤,这一政策在危机爆发后的贯彻效果显著。竭力推行空气治理政策的个中缘由也许少了些离奇色彩,但也需要我们同等视之。References(注意:这里列出的必须是文中引用的,这里为了示范,并没有与范文内容对应.)Denker,A.(ed.).2000.HistoricalDictionaryofHeidegger’sPhilosophy[M].Lanham,Maryland:TheScarerwPress.(专著:包含“编著”)Chafe,W.(ed.).1980.ThePearStories:Cognitive,CulturalandLinguisticAspectsofNarrativeProduction[C].Norwood:N.J.:Albex.(论文集)Heidegger,M.1976.OnlyaGodcansaveUS[A].TheSpiegelInterview[C]trans.ByW.J.Richardson.Hamburg:DerSpiegel.193-219.(专著、论文内文章;注意:若只有一名编者,编者的名和姓后用逗号,加“ed.”(表示editor).两名或以上编者,在最后一名编者的姓名后加“eds.”.集体编著,在第一位编者的名和姓后+逗号+“etal.”+逗号+“eds.”.)Ferguson,G.2010.IssuesinresearchingEnglishasalinguafranca:Aconceptualenquiry[J].InternationalJournalofAppliedLinguistics19:117-135.(期刊文章)Hood,S.2004.AppraisingResearch:TakingaStanceinAcademicWriting[D].Ph.D.Dissertation.UniversityofTechnologySydney.(学位论文)Brown,K.2008.EncyclopediaofLanguageandLinguisticsVol.9[Z].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPre
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