基于ARM芯片的GPS接收机设计

上海交通大学硕士学位论文基于ARM芯片的GPS接收机设计姓名：王朝辉申请学位级别：硕士专业：电子与通讯工程指导教师：陈佳品20080601-3--4--5-ARMGPSGPSGPSGPSGPS:GPSARMARMARM7ARM7LPC2138xc3s1000FPGAGPS:GPSARM-6-GPSReceivingStationTheoryDesignBaseonARMChipsAbstractGPShasbeenappliedwidely&wonthetrustfromtheenduserswithitsall-weatherandhighaccuracy,automationandefficientlybenefit'setc.Morever,integrativeGPSreceivershavebeenwidelyusedincontrolsurveyingandgeodeticsurveyingduetotheiradvantages,suchasall-in-one,waterproof,cold-resistant,easyoperationandwideapplication.Alongwiththecontinuouslyimprovementoftheworldfixedpositionsystem,andtheupgradeonthehardware&software,GPS'sapplyrealmisconstantlyexpanding,it'salreadyallovernationaleconomyvarioussection,andstartgraduallythoroughpeople'sdailylife.Inthisthesis,itdescribeswellthefeaturesofGPS,principleofGPSreceiver,projectbackground,andinterrelatedproductstatus,developmenttrendathomeandabroad.Then,thedesignprincipleofGPSreceiversiswellintroduced,meanwhile,anARM-basedoptimumprojectispresentedandillustratedindetail.Comparedtoothers,ARMhassomespecialfeatureswhichmakeitstandout.ThethesisintroducesthisandthendescribesthedesignandimplementationofanARM-basedGPSreceiver,takeadvantageofthechipsLPC2139onthereceiver-7-design.Finally,thedesignprojectcomesoutbaseontheARM/FPGAmicroprocessor,andcarriedonargumenttothisproject,howthesoftware/hardwareworkforthatisalsocovered,anditsperformancehasbeentested.-10-1.1GPSGlobalPositioningSystem-GPS7020200199410GPS121.2GPS1.2.1GPSGPS:(1)GPS2420200km4(2)GPSGPSP20mC/A40m3~5m10-6~10-7m.-11-(3)GPS0.05(4)GPSGPS(5)1.2.2GPS34(1)GPS4(2)GPSSA5-10m1~0.01m0.1m/sGPS(3)(4)GPSGPSGPSGPS201.2.3GPS5-12-GPS1982GPSMacrometer-V1000GPS(1)GPS(30%~50%)(2)50km1.2x10-6100~500km10-6~10-11000km10-8m(3)1~3(20km)(4)GPSGPS(5)GPSGPS(6)GPS70%~80%-13-GPS(7)GPSGPSGPSGPS678-14-GPS2.1GPS9GPS—GPS——GPS2.1.1GPSGPSGPS21655431220020GPS6~112-1Figure2-1constellationinouterspaceGPS(CDMA)24GPS-15-10-1310.23MHz1227.60MHz(=120X10.23MHz,L2)1572.42MHz(=154X10.23MHz,L1)12L1L2GPS10-15/d1GPS2.1.253GPSS2.1.3GPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPS-16-GPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPS1212GARMIN45C8GPS32D243DGPSetrexSUMMITVISTAGPS800KMGPSGPS10GPS2.2GPSGPS:PRN(C/AP)(D)2.2.1-17-GPSL1L2L1(f0=10.23MHz)154L11575.42MHzL21201227.6MHz2-2GPSFigure2-2GPScarrierwaveGPSL:L1:fL1=154xf0=1575.42MHz1=19.03cm.L2:fL1=120xf0=1227.60MHz2=24.42cm.347.82MHzL228.3%L1GPSGPS-18-2.2.2GPSC/APGPSC/A1023Gold(G)GmmGoldN=2-1mNGGGPSGC/AC/A1ms1023()1ms/1023=0.97751711(=)293C/AC/AC/AP10C/APGPSC/AP29.3C/AC/APPC/AP2.3GPSC/APGPSGPSLL1(1575.42MHz)L2(1227.6MHz)-19-L1f0=10.23MHZ15419.03cmL212024.42cm(C/A)(PY),C/AL1,1.023MHz293mL1L2P10.23MHz29.3m()1%C/A29.3mP2.93mPC/ASAPPC/AC/APC/A29.3m2.93mC/A90SA(SelectiveAvailability)100200052SAGPS20P2.930.293C/APASAnti-SpoofingP(GlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem)NAVSAT2.4GPSGPS2.4.1-20-GPSGPSR=C*t∆t(pseudorange)PR,PR=R+C∆t∆t2.4.2GPS10(1)(2)(3)(4)GPSL1L1D(t)5(TLM)(HOW)C/AP23GPS45-21-GPS2.4.3RPR(xi,yi,zi)(x,y,z)PR=R+cx∆t=((xi-x)2+(yi-y)2+(zi-z)2)0.5+cx∆tGPS44(i=1,2,3,4)x,y,z,t2-3GPS4Figure2-3GPSreceivergetdatafromfoursecondaryplanet-22-GPS3.1GPS3.1.1NCO(1/2chip)1/2chipNCO3-1Figure3-1Codeinseriescarrierwaveinseries3.1.2-23-NNNCONFa/FbF0FbN1/2chip1N23-2Figure3-2CodeinseriescarrierwaveinparallelTbN-2TbN3.1.3N1/2chipNNCOFb=1/TbTb10KHz/FbN-24-NCO1N23-3Figure3-3Codeinparallelcarrierwaveinseries10KHz/fb3.1.4N1/2chipfb=1/TbTb15KHz10KHz/fbNCOM=10KHz/fbNNM-25-1N2NCO1NCOM3-4Figure3-4CodeinparallelcarrierwaveinparallelGPSC/A1023CPUGPS1x10-61.6KHz3.5KHz±5KHz3.1.3500HzGPS0Hz0Hz500Hz-500Hz1000H…Hz-26-C/A3.2GPSC/AGPSC/A3-5Figure3-5Randomcodeself-correlationcurve()()3.2.11/2chip(1/4chip)2L(4L)(L)-27-3.2.2()()1/2chip(1chip)2L(4L)3.2.3PNPN3.2.4GPS(SAW)SAWPNPNGPSC/A-28-GPS4.1GPSGPSGPS1993GPSGPSGPS(1)GPSGPSGPSGPS(2)GPSGPS()GPSGPSGPS()GPSC/A100m10-710-9GPS-29-4.2GPSGPS:3-1GPSGPSGPSRF4-1GPSFigure4-1NormalGPSreceiverprinciple4.2.1GPSGPSGPS1575.42MHz502.7x10-21W/MHz2.8x10-21W/MHzGPSGPS-30-GPSGPS4.2.2(Front-End)(Down-Converter)GPSGPS(L0)(RF)(IF)4.2.3(Channel)GPSGPS112GPS1)-31-4-2Figure4-2NoisecodetrackingcircleprincipleGPSC/ADC/AC/A(G(t))M1M2C/AG(t)M1M2G(t-τ0/2-τ0)G(t+τ0/2-τ0)V(T)V3(τ)V3(τ)G'(t)G(t)M0G(t)G'(t)D(t)Sin(ω0t+Ф)G'(t)G(t)G(t)G'(t)=1M0:Ud=D(t)Sin(ω0t+Ф)(4.1)-32-2)4-3(Costas)Figure4-3carrierwavetrackingcircle(Costascircle)principleUdMiMqU0=Sin(ω0t)(1)MiMq90oMqU0'=Cos(ω0t)MiMqUi=1/2XD(t)[CosФ-Cos(2ω0t+Ф)](4.2)Uq=1/2XD(t)[SinФ+Sin(2ω0t+Ф)]Ui'=1/2XD(t)CosФUq'=1/2XD(t)SinФ(4.3)MdUd=1/8X[D(t)]2Sin2Ф(4.4)D(t)150bps(20ms)D(t)1UaMPGPS-33-Ф=0M1D(t)GPS4.2.4GPSGPSGPSGPS...GPSGPS.GPS4.2.5GPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPSGPS-34-4.3GPS1.2.3.4.5.6.GPS7.GPS8.UTC()9.DOP(DilutionofPrecision)GPSGPS-35-FPGA5.1FPGA11FPGA(LCA,LogicCellArray)LCA/IOB(Input/OutputBlock)PI(ProgrammableInterconnection)I/OLCACLB(ConfigurableLogicBlock)IOB(PROM,EPROM)[12]XilinxFPGA5-1:CLBIOBPI-36-5-1FPGAFigure5-1FPGAbasicstructureFPGA[13]:(BlockRAMSelectRAM)(/)I/O(SelectI/O)()(MACIP)(PowerPC)5.1.1CFPGACLBCLBCLBIOBPI-37-(CLB)[14]5-2CLBFigure5-2CLBbasicstructureCLB[15]/CLBCLBF,G(F1~F4,G1~G4)4HFHXGHYCLBXilinxFPGALCA(LogicCellArray)LCALCACLB.[16]SRAMSRAM-38-LCASRAMFP