浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中马克吐温的幽默

I浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中马克吐温的幽默美国幽默大师和现实主义作家马克•吐温被称为是一个世界文学巨匠，他的作品涉及当时美国的各个领域，如政治，宗教，奴隶制。在马克吐温的众多著作中，《哈克贝利费恩历险记》无疑是最令人印象深刻的。作品将幽默与讽刺相结合，通过细腻的心理描写，极具特色的语言描述，向读者展示了一幅热爱人民，追求自由的画面，表现了强大的艺术魅力。自古以来，已经有很多学者对这部小说进行了研究。他们大多从小说的翻译，艺术特点，人物形象，语言特色，等等方面经行了研究。然而在幽默题材上，大部份研究都是针对语言的幽默感，对幽默表现手法在小说中的运用的研究相对薄弱一些。马克吐温作为文学大家，幽默大师，幽默表现手法多样。作者认为可以从幽默表现手法入手，着重分析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中，马克吐温的幽默表现手法。从而能更深刻地理解马克吐温式的幽默。关键词：马克吐温；哈克贝利费恩历险记；幽默IIABSTRACTMarkTwain,ahumormasterandarealismwriter,wascalledagiantinworldliterature.Hiswritingstouchupalmosteveryissueofhistimesuchaspolitics,religion,andslaverysystem.AmongallofMarkTwain’sworks,onemakesmostimpressiononreadersthatisTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Withthehumorandsatiremixedinthenovel,thewritershowerapictureoflovingpeopleandseekingfreedom,bythewayofexquisitedescriptionofpsychologyanddistinguishing-featureddescriptionoflanguage.Anditdisplaysastrongartisticcharm.Sinceancienttimes,agreatnumberofscholarshavestudiedthisnovelfromtheperspectivesoftranslation,artisticfeature,rolecharacters,language,andsoon.Whileasregardstohumor,alargenumberofresearchersjustconcentratedonthelanguageandputrelativelylessattentiontothehumortechniquesofperformance.MarkTwain,asamasterinliteratureandhumor,usevarioushumortechniquesofperformanceinhisworks.Theauthorthinksitcanbestudiedontheaspectofhumortechniquesofperformance.ThispaperpresentsananalysisofMarkTwain’sdifferenthumortechniquesofperformanceemployedinTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinntounderstanddeeplyaboutMarkTwain’shumor.Keywords:MarkTwain;TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn;humorIIIContentsIntroduction......................................................................................4PartOneTheintroductionofTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn....................................................................................................51.1BackgroundandPlots.....................................................................51.2ClassicalCharacters........................................................................6PartTwoMarkTwain’sHumorinTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.............................................................................82.1TheFirstPersonNarration..............................................................82.2TheVernacularLanguage...............................................................92.3TheUseofGrammaticalErrors....................................................102.4Satire...............................................................错误!未定义书签。2.5Irony..............................................................................................11Conclusion.......................................................................................13Notes....................................................................错误!未定义书签。Bibliography....................................................................................14Acknowledgments...........................................................................154IntroductionInthelate19thamonglotsofwritersinthewesternworld,MarkTwainisadistinguishedcriticalrealismwriter.People’slifesituationatthattimecanbeseenfromhismajorworksbecauseofhisrealisticdepictioninhisworkswhichalwayssimmerwithlaughablehumorthatisnotonlyfilledwithrichwisdombutalsostronglyrevealsthecurrentsituationandcausespeopletothinkmore.Asamatteroffact,therewereplentyofwriterswhousedhumorasawritingstyleintheirownworksbeforeMarkTwain.Nonetheless,theysimplystoppedatthemiraculousmeaningandcouldnotgodeeperanylonger.ItisMarkTwainwhobringshumortoanewheightthatisusinghumorandironytosatirethevariousdarkphenomenonsintheAmericancapitalismsociety.AndTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnalsoacknowledgesMarkTwain’sownliterarypositionontheAmericanliterature.OnenotedAmericanwriterHemingwaysaidthatallmodernAmericanliteraturederivedfromabook,namely,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.(Moran,2002:169)PeopleappreciatedMarkTwain’shumortoneinTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,butmanyresearchersdonetheresearchjustaboutitsrealism,artisticcharacteristics,languages,etc.Lessoftheirresearchesrefertothehumorinthisnovel.TheauthorthinksitisworthtohaveastudyonMarkTwain’shumorinthenovel,becausethehumornotonlyforfun,butalsorevealskindsofphenomenoninAmerican.5PartOneTheIntroductionofTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,afamednovelappreciatedbybothchildrenandadults,isthemasterworkofMarkTwain.HelaunchedoutintowritingTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnafterthepublicationofTheAdventuresofTomSawyerin1876whichnarratedinthecolloquialstyleoffirstperson,reflectingMarkTwain’scriticalattitudetowardsslavery.1.1BackgroundandPlotsTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnisonthebasisofMarkTwain’schildhoodexperiences.Whenhewasachild,healwayswenttoplayinthefarmlandownedbyhisuncleJohnwhohad20slaves.Hisunclewasamicable,enthusiasticandwithfullhumor.Despitehewasnotruthlesstothesalves,hecouldnotallowthemtobefree.Duringhistimeinthefarm,MarkTwainformedagoodfellowshipwithUncleDaniel,ablackslave.HewasalwaysfondofaskingDanielnovelquestions.DanielwasdiligentandkindtoMarkandotherchildren.Heoftentoldinteres